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Archaeology, Heritage and Ethics in the
Western Wall Plaza, Jerusalem
This volume is a critical study of recent archaeology in the Western Wall Plaza
area, Jerusalem. Considered one of the holiest places on Earth for Jews and
Muslims, it is also a place of controversy, where the State marks ‘our’ remains
for preservation and adoration and ‘theirs’ for silencing.
Based on thousands of documents from the Israel Antiquities Authority
and other sources, such as protocols of planning committees, readers can
explore for the first time this archaeological ‘heart of darkness’ in East
Jerusalem. The book follows a series of unique discoveries, reviewing the
approval and execution of development plans and excavations, and the use of
the sites once excavation has finished. Who decides what and how to excavate,
what to preserve – or ‘remove’? Who pays for the archaeology, for what aims?
The professional, scientific archaeology of the past happens now: it modifies
the present and is modified by it. This book ‘excavates’ the archaeology of
East Jerusalem to reveal its social and political contexts, power structures and
ethics.
Readers interested in the history, archaeology and politics of the Israeli–
Palestinian conflict will find this book useful, as well as scholars and students
of the history and ethics of archaeology, Jerusalem, conservation, nation-
alism and heritage.
Raz Kletter
completed his PhD in 1995 at Tel Aviv University, Israel, on
material culture and borders of Iron Age Judah. Following a post-doctoral
year at the University of Oxford, UK, he worked in the Israel Antiquities
Authority as Deputy of Finds Department, Senior Archaeologist and
Head of the Scientific Processing Unit. Dr.  Kletter participated, directed
and published excavations from varied periods and sites in Israel/Palestine.
Since 2008 he is Docent for Near-Eastern Archaeology at the University of
Helsinki, Finland, and member of the Centres of Excellence ‘Changes in
Sacred texts and Traditions’ (CSTT) and ‘Ancient Near Eastern Empires’
(ANEE). Dr.  Kletter’s main fields of study are Near-Eastern Archaeology
(Bronze and Iron Ages), religion and cult, ancient economy, archaeological
theory and history of archaeology in Israel/Palestine. He has published exten-
sively in these fields.
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Copenhagen International Seminar
General Editors: Ingrid Hjelm, University of Copenhagen,
Denmark, and Emanuel Pfoh, National Research Council,
Argentina
Myths of Exile
History and Metaphor in the Hebrew Bible
Edited by Anne Katrine De Hemmer Gudme and Ingrid Hjelm
Rewriting Peter as An Intertextual Character in The Canonical Gospels
Finn Damgaard
Japheth Ben Ali’s Book of Jeremiah
A Critical Edition and Linguistic Analysis of the Judaeo-Islamic Translation
Joshua A. Sabih
Origin Myths and Holy Places in The Old Testament
A Study of Aetiological Narratives
Lukasz Niesiolowski-Spanò
The Emergence of Israel In Ancient Palestine
Historical and Anthropological Perspectives
Emanuel Pfoh
Syria-Palestine in the Late Bronze Age
An Anthropology of Politics and Power
Emanuel Pfoh
Plato and the Creation of the Hebrew Bible
Russell E. Gmirkin
Archaeology, Heritage and Ethics in the Western Wall Plaza, Jerusalem
Darkness at the End of the Tunnel
Raz Kletter
Jeremiah in History and Tradition
Edited by Jim West and Niels Peter Lemche
www.routledge.com/Copenhagen-International-Seminar/book-series/COPSEM
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Archaeology, Heritage and
Ethics in the Western Wall
Plaza, Jerusalem
Darkness at the End of the Tunnel
Raz Kletter
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First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2020 Raz Kletter
The right of Raz Kletter to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by
him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Trademark notice: Product
or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kletter, Raz, author.
Title: Archaeology, heritage and ethics in the Western Wall Plaza,
Jerusalem : darkness at the end of the tunnel / Raz Kletter.
Description: First edition. | New York : Routledge, [2019] |
Series: Copenhagen international seminar |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019016898 (print) | LCCN 2019017777 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780429031311 (ebook) | ISBN 9780429633461 (web pdf) |
ISBN 9780429630484 (mobi/kindle) | ISBN 9780429631979 (epub) |
ISBN 9780367143350 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Excavations (Archaeology)–West Bank. |
Excavations (Archaeology)–Jerusalem.
Classification: LCC DS110.W47 (ebook) |
LCC DS110.W47 K64 2019 (print) | DDC 956.94/42–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019016898
ISBN: 978-0-367-14335-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-03131-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Newgen Publishing UK
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