Harald Haarmann - On the Trail of the Indo-Europeans. From Neolithic Steppe Nomads to Early Civilisations [Retail].pdf

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HARALD HAARMANN
ON THE TRAIL
OF THE
INDO-EUROPEANS
FROM NEOLITHIC STEPPE NOMADS TO
EARLY CIVILISATIONS
CONTENTS
Introduction: The mystery of the Indo-Europeans
In search of linguistic affinities
From a people to a race: Indo-Europeans and Aryans
The swastika, an Aryan symbol?
1. Homeland in the southern Russian steppe
(11
th
– 8
th
millennium BCE)
Neolithic transitions: Nomadic herders in the East, farmers in the West
Homeland Anatolia? New findings in human genetics
Natural environment of the steppe
Indo-Europeans and Uralians: Early encounters
2. Proto-Indo-European language and culture
(from the 7
th
millennium BCE)
Basic structures and properties
Names as ethnic identity markers
Functional variations of Proto-Indo-European
3. Early steppe nomads: Social systems and worldviews
(from the 7
th
millennium BCE)
Proto-Indo-European regional cultures
Early social hierarchies and patriarchal power structures
Families, kinship, clans
Outlines of a Proto-Indo-European mythology
4. Contacts with farmers to the west
(from the 5
th
millennium BCE)
Adoption of the ‘Agrarian Package’
Technological innovations
5. The first migration of the steppe nomads
(from the middle of the 5
th
millennium BCE)
Migration and the motivation behind it
Evidence of the nomads’ migrations
Primary Indo-Europeanisation: Adaptation to the elite and language shift
6. The fragmentation of Proto-Indo-European
(from 4000 BCE)
Southwards: Interactions with the Old Europeans
Eastwards: Exploration of Central Asia and southern Siberia
The fragmentation of the common language
Indo-Iranian as a macro-group
The Armenians: Outlier in the Caucasus
7. Southeast Europe: The emergence of Hellenic culture
(from the 3
rd
millennium BCE)
How the Hellads became the Hellenes
Under the patronage of pre-Greek deities
From ritual to theatre
The Hellenes and their political systems
The development of the Greek language
8. Apennine Peninsula: The dominance of Latin
(from the 2
nd
millennium BCE)
Indo-Europeans in Italy
The Etruscans, teachers of the Romans
The birth of a world language
9. The Balkans: Between Roman and Greek Civilisation
(from the 2
nd
millennium BCE)
The Roman-Greek linguistic and cultural border
Ancient Balkan tribal associations and kingdoms
Fusion culture: Albanian
10. Central and Western Europe: Celtic and Germanic peoples
(from the 2
nd
millennium BCE)
All the way to the Atlantic coast: Celtic cultures and languages
Germanic cultures, languages and nation building
11. Eastern Europe: Slavs and Balts
(from the 2
nd
millennium BCE)
The evolution of Slavic
Contacts with non-Slavic peoples
The splitting-off of Baltic
Baltic-Finnish contacts in the Baltic Sea region: Sedentary versus mobile
12. Asia Minor: Anatolian languages and cultures
(from the 2
nd
millennium BCE)
Hittites and Luwians
Non-Indo-European languages and cultures in Anatolia
The cult of Artemis of Ephesus
Phrygian: An Indo-European outlier
13. From Central Asia to the Iranian Plateau
(from the 2
nd
millennium BCE)
The Aryan warrior caste and the Kingdom of Mitanni
Early states founded by Iranian peoples
Iranian languages
Zoroastrianism
14. India: Dravidians and Aryans
(2
nd
millennium BCE)
Dravidian culture
Aryan ‘immigration’
Cultural symbioses
From Vedic to Sanskrit
The Prakrits and successor languages
Indic languages in Southeast Asia
15. Outlying Indo-European settlements in western China
(2
nd
millennium BCE)
The mystery of the Tarim mummies
Tocharian language and culture
16. Experiments with writing: From Linear B to Ogham
(1700 BCE – 500 CE)
Syllabaries
Alphabetic scripts
17. Epilogue: Indo-European globalisation

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