Scientific American 2022 01.pdf

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January 2022
SCIEnTIFICaMErICan.COM
Rethinking Borderline
Personality Disorder
The Evolution of
Animal Sounds
Inside America’s
Militias
WONDER
OF THE
ANCIENT
WORLD
New insights
decipher the
Antikythera
mechanism’s
ingenious
astronomical
calculations
Ja n ua ry 2 0 2 2
VO L U M E 3 2 6 , N U M B E R 1
56
A R C H A E O LO G Y
P S YC H O LO G Y
24 Wonder of the
Ancient World
Scientists have revealed
new details about the complex
gearing of the Antikythera
mechanism of ancient Greece.
By Tony Freeth
S O C I O LO G Y
48 The Long Shadow
of Trauma
Borderline personality disorder
is one of the most stigmatized
psychiatric diagnoses. Is it
time to recast it as a trauma-
related condition?
By Diana Kwon
FOOD
34 Inside
America’s Militias
In some people, longing
for a fictional “simpler”
national past—and ignoring
its inequalities—can
transform into violence
and hatred.
By Amy Cooter
E VO L U T I O N
56 Protecting
Alaska’s Harvest
Indigenous communities
along the coast are developing
scientific networks to test
shellfish for toxins that arise
from harmful algal blooms.
By Karen Pinchin
Q UA N T U M P H Y S I C S
On THE C OVE r
More than 120 years ago divers pulled what
remains of the Antikythera mechanism out
of a Greek shipwreck. A new study has
revealed insights into how the front gears
measured astronomical time. It is now clearer
than ever that it was the most advanced
computing machine of the ancient world.
Photograph by © 2005 national
archaeological Museum in athens.
42 Dawn
of the Din
For billions of years Earth
was quiet. Then animals
started making a ruckus.
By Michael B. Habib
Kiliii Yuyan
70 Bohmian Rhapsody
Measuring the time it takes
particles to travel between
two points may offer the best
test yet of an alternative
quantum theory.
By Anil Ananthaswamy
January 2022, ScientificAmerican.com
1
4 From the Editor
6 Letters
8 Science Agenda
Organizations can act to protect themselves
against computer hacking, but collective action
is the best defense.
By the Editors
10 Forum
Medical algorithms used in health-care settings
should require frequent
FDA
assessments to reduce bias
and inefficacy.
By Soleil Shah and Abdul El-Sayed
8
12 Advances
Giant lemurs’ distinctive rhythm. Potential cause for
a prehistoric climate tipping point. A 3-D-printing,
laser-cooking chef. Hyenas aiding public health.
22 Meter
The poetry of deadly snakes, mushrooms and viruses.
By Faith Shearin
23 The Science of Health
Psychotherapy with video calls can be as effective
as in-person treatment.
By Claudia Wallis
12
76 Recommended
Imagining a pandemic far worse than our own.
The neuroscience of navigation. A mother seeks
a diagnosis for her sick son. Sheltering from the
rising ocean.
By Amy Brady
78 Observatory
Cutting back on red meat will help our climate,
and anyone can do it.
By Naomi Oreskes
79 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago
By Mark Fischetti
80 Graphic Science
See the journey that
nasa
’s next space telescope
78
will make.
By Clara Moskowitz and Matthew Twombly
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), Volume 326, Number 1, January 2022, published monthly by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, N.Y. 10004-
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Scientific American, January 2022

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