07_Buildings_Technology.pdf

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Built Environment ~ SISL Permaculture Design Course ~ 2008
Kay Cafasso-
www.sowingsolutions.net
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Books by author Christopher Alexander (A
Pattern Language
and others)
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Institute of Building Biologie:http://www.buildingbiology.net/bapr.html
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Books/ Resources:
www.strawbalecentral.com
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The Last Straw
quarterly publication
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Environmental Building News
www.buildinggreen.com
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Building School in Vermont
www.yestermorrow.org
Buildings are Ecosystems too!
1. Permeable boundaries - buildings need to breathe
2. Inhabitants - people, animals, plants
3. Many Microclimates - Each wall, eaves, roof
4. Edges with other ecosystems
5. Energy flows
6. Material cycling
7. Feedback loops
The Six S’s of Buildings -
Help us organize our design, from most to least permanent
(from
How Buildings Learn
by Stewart Brand)
1. Site- slope/ aspect, drainage, sun/shade, wind, access, water, energy potential
2. Structure- size and shape (see ratio sheet), foundation, roof, thermal mass, eves
3. Skin- windows, insulation
4. Services- heating and cooling, natural ventilation (convection), utilities, inputs
and outputs, transport, invisible structures
5. Space plan- space functions (active and passive placement), facilitate other
systems (grey water), passive solar, lighting, nodes of activities and their
connections
6. Stuff- people, living habits, storage
Basic design points:
1.
Smaller is Better:
make best use of interior space
2.
Good hats and good boots
(Roof and Foundation)
3.
Design for renewable energy;
passive solar, daylighting, and natural cooling
4.
Minimize Materials:
standard heights, simplified geometry
5.
Insulation and Thermal Mass:
good designs will minimize energy needs
6.
Air Flow;
work with prevailing winds, make it breathe
7.
Design with a mind for other systems;
landscape, waste management
8.
Build it Strong:
durable buildings will ensure a long use , no: cracks and holes; gaps
that let heat out and moisture in
9.
Make it adaptable and reusable:
future uses can be diverse, materials can be used for
many things
What do we want in a home?
Low environmental impact (during process and
maintenance) Low REAL cost, Energy efficient, A self build, Integrated with landscape,
Reusable, durable, Able to change for adapting to others/future uses, Multi-use,
Comfortable and Beautiful. Rather than view buildings as a liability, we can reshape the
building as a
regenerative element in a landscape
.
Earth Care
Understand + direct energy flows
air/wind
nutrients
temp/sun+shade
water
Design for comfort + efficiency
Minimize ecological footprint
Design relationships amongst house
systems - input/output
Relative location
Regenerate the site - integrate +
enhance the local system
People Care
Fair Share/Resource Share/Limits Aware
Permaculture Ethics
Climate profile
Design Goals
Slope
Energy Flow
Landform
Orientation to sun/wind
Siting Considerations
Microclimate
Water
How can build‐
ings regenerate
the site?
3rd skin - breathable walls
Greywater + Compost systems
Demonstrate Functional
Interconnection + Redundancy
Water catchment
Season extension
Classic passive solar
Balance thermal mass + insulation
Living roof
Indoor + outdoor rooms
Consider sectors in floorplan design
Plan for multi-generational use
Retrofit to suit human activity
Multifunctional & Efficient Spaces
(a few) Design Details
Biotecture modifies climate extremes
Renewable energy (solar hot water)
Build Small
Buildings and Infrastructure ~ Permaculture Design Course
Activity Session:
Kay Cafasso
www.sowingsolutions.net
Group Design
Equatorial Humid Tropic - Arid Desert - Cool Temperate
We are designing for integration between zone zero and your assigned
natural landscape (zone 1 and beyond). Considering energy efficiency and
comfort for the residents in the home, how will your design for a house in
your assigned climactic region reduce climate extremes?
1. Review the following guidelines for the efficient and regenerative
building considerations in the northern hemisphere:
Orientation to the sun? Siting? Will you earthberm/ insulate? Will you
increase or decrease thermal mass? What will be considerations in drawing
the floor plan? Suggest a few design details for your home? How will the
roof be pitched? How will you design the biotecture/ surrounding vegetation
to harness or deflect oncoming energies? Will you create microclimates and
why? Will you design for water storage, how?
2. Group Presentation
Presentation options: A created role play OR poster OR story OR model
(30 minutes for presentations -Each group will have 5 minutes to
present their findings)
3. Extra credit
Demonstrate, highlight, and explain permaculture principles at work in your
design
Humid Tropics:
-orient to the wind, increase shade, reduce mass, shade house, air scoops,
remove cookstoves and heat sources
(Note: There are variations in tropical climates- like dry or wet tropics)
-orient
to wind (not the sun), no thermal mass, increase shade, design for
water catchment, outdoor kitchens, screens, dry toilets, diverse gardens
-evaporative cooling is not an option in the humid environment, so we need
to dehumidify air!
-a metal hot roof or solar chimney draws up cool earthen air through
underground pipes, creating natural cross ventilation
-Consider hurricane, tsunami, volcano when siting!
-Locate homes on stable soil…
-Woven matting for wall material, use light colors to reflect sun’s rays,
reduce thermal mass for heat storage, possibly increase thermal mass for
cold storage…
Desert/ Drylands:
-design for summer cooling, winter warmth
-maximize shade, locate active living areas in SE, accurate measurements
for southern window eves, few or no windows in west, cluster buildings for
shade (buildings provide shade for other buildings), situate building low in
hillside for warm morning and cool evening air, water features provide
evaporative cooling function (tunnels, fountains, coke or hessian wicks,
unglazed pots, etc,), shade all water storages/ ponds/ reduce evaporation,
drying food crops on rooftop, utilize thermal mass strategies
-earth berm structures underground, design for shade house, insulate,
establish windbreak (hot winds especially), white paint, narrow interior
courtyards for cooling, mostly indirect light through small windows,
underground water storage, harvest rainwater
-East to west elongated homes maximize on solar gain, no w facing
windows, no north- south roads to allow shading, close all windows except
N shaded side for air circulation, heat chimney, trellis, roof cover, cook
outside
Temperate/ Subtropic (30-60 degrees):
-steep
pitch roof windward side, increase summer breezes, decrease winter
winds, protect interior from N winds/ mudroom/ appropriate location of
doorways, berm and insulate, thermal mass: yes! CLASSIC solar house
design= southern glazing and calculate angle of eves for latitude,
greenhouse, food preservation, pattern language, understand airflow
Humid Cool to Cold :
max solar radiation, active house areas in south, s +
sw orientation, exterior wall reflect light to interior, create protected sun
pockets, use dark colors to absorb heat, leeward side of hill, earth mound on
N side, flat roof holds snow for insulation
Reference:
Permaculture: A Designer’s Manual
by Bill Mollison
Energy awareness and conservation resources:
Permaculture Design Course
Appropriate Technology Session
SISL 2008
-Kay McGrenaghan Cafasso Notes - www.sowingsolutions.net
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-There is a psychology of feeling warm or cool! Understand Thermal mass/
Mean Radiant Temperature: a 1 degree change in average temperature of
radiant surfaces has 40% greater influence on body temp than a 1 degree
change in air temperature!!!!! Don’t let cold surfaces absorb your body heat
> thermal mass, slippers, floor covering, cob ovens, rocket stoves, masonry
stoves, small efficient and warm spaces, etc…
-Understand heat transfer (Conductive, convective and radiant hest flow in
your home) Draft proof your home- conduct a ‘blower door test’, most
probable loss of heat in windows and ceiling… insulate your hot water pipes,
establish a solar hot water system to maintain a raised temp of water at all
times- therefore requires less energy to heat water with fuel or wood or gas
-Insulation options: living roof, sod, thatch, straw, straw clay, wool, cork,
vermiculite, pumice, cordwood, blown cellulose, fiber glass, bubble wrap,
SIP’s, newspaper, recycled blue jeans, fiberglass, cellufoam/ blown cellulose,
insulwool, newspaper, stramit straw, etc…
-Ask your local provider: Where does your local electricity come from?
(National grid usage: 3% from biomass; 1% large hydro; 11% coal; 44%
oil/gas; 33% nuclear; 1% burning trash; 8% unknown)
-Compact fluorescents reduce electric by 80%, incandescents convert 10% to
light and lose the rest!; replace all incandescents with compact fluorescents
and close all nuclear power plants -Replace all lightbulbs with energy
efficient bulbs today!
- ‘Kil-a-watt’ devices can help determine the main energy consumers in
your appliances
-Purchase or make a solar cooker or cob oven to replace electric ovens
-Electric space-heating is completely inefficient, make some changes!
-Avoid phantom loads (electricity units left on at all times ex. Microwave
clock, phone charger wire, etc)
-Take a self audit quiz for embodied energy, ecological footprint, Carbon
footprint calculator, etc… At
www.pathtofreedom.com
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ONLINE RESOURCES:
www.rmi.org
Rocky Mountain Institute
www.NYSERDA.org
NY funding for RE systems /energy conservation in your home
www.dsireusa.org
Database of state incentives for renewable energy
www.lehmans.com
Lehman’s tool catalog (cool stuff)
www.attra.org
National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service
www.cat.org.uk
Center for Alternative Technology, Wales
www.cooppower.coop
Member owned cooperative, Co-op Power, for sustainable
energy in the northeast, Greenfield, MA
www.buildinggreen.com
Environmental Building News, and Green Spec publications
out of Brattleboro, VT
www.solarliving.org
Solar Living Institute, Hopland, CA
www.sei.org
Solar Energy International renewable energy education and training
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Book:
Gaviotas, A Village to Reinvent the World

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