Scientific American 2021 01.pdf

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JANUARY 2021
SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM
How COVID-19
Wrecks the
Immune System
Ancient Galaxy
Clusters
Understanding
Mountain Ice
DINO
STAR
Scientists reveal
the real
Dilophosaurus,
a
Jurassic Park
icon
© 2020 Scientific American
Ja n ua ry 2 0 2 1
VO LU M E 3 2 4 , N U M B E R 1
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68
A S T R O N O MY
PA L E O N TO LO G Y
26 Too Big for the Universe
Ancient galaxy clusters seem to
have grown so quickly that they
would have broken the laws
of the cosmos.
By Arianna S. Long
I M M U N O LO G Y
46 The Real
Dilophosaurus
The most comprehensive study
of the iconic
Jurassic Park
dinosaur
reveals a very different animal
from the one the movie portrayed.
By Matthew A. Brown and
Adam D. Marsh
N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S
34 The Immune Havoc
of COVID-19
The virus flourishes by under­
mining the body’s chemical
defense system.
By Akiko Iwasaki and
Patrick Wong
P U B L I C H E A LT H
54 Peak Water
Data retrieved from Earth’s highest
mountains show that the water
supply to two billion people
is changing.
By Walter Immerzeel
MEDICINE
42 The Very Real Death Toll
of COVID-19
President Trump and other
conspiracy fantasists touted
the fake claim that COVID death
counts are exaggerated. But
three kinds of evidence point
to more than 250,000 deaths,
a toll that grows every day.
By Christie Aschwanden
NASA, JPL AND UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
62 Malignant Cheaters
Cells coexist by cooperating.
When some break the rules,
cancers result.
By Athena Aktipis
S PAC E S C I E N C E
On THE C OVE r
Jurassic Park
made
Dilophosaurus
famous before
scientists had a thorough understanding of
this dinosaur. A new analysis of
Dilophosaurus
remains has provided the most detailed picture
yet of a dinosaur of its vintage and revealed the
creature as it truly was: a large-bodied, nimble
predator that hunted other dinosaurs.
Illustration by Chase Stone.
68 Dynamic Planet
For 15 years the Mars Reconnais­
sance Orbiter has transformed
our view of the Red Planet.
By Clara Moskowitz
January 2021, ScientificAmerican.com
1
© 2020 Scientific american
4 From the Editor
6 Letters
10 Science Agenda
Time to get Internet regulation right.
By the Editors
11 Forum
Young people will pay the price if we ignore the fate of
nature while fighting the pandemic.
By Jordan Salama
11
12 Advances
Little crabs’ ecosystem­shaping impact. Secrets of the Ice
Age locked in soil. A high­tech tracker for rhinoceros foot­
prints. Ancient Peruvian farmers harnessing epic floods.
22 Meter
Restoring alewives to their rightful aquatic homes.
By Alison Hawthorne Deming
24 The Science of Health
Education makes a dramatic difference in how well
you age.
By Claudia Wallis
76 Recommended
12
A celebration of all things bird. How our brains dream.
Probing the central messages of modern physics.
Pioneering sisters of medicine.
By Andrea Gawrylewski
77 Observatory
In moments of national disunity, we may be tempted
to imagine a reinvigorated program of space exploration
bringing us back together.
By Naomi Oreskes
78 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago
By Dan Schlenoff
80 Graphic Science
77
The good and bad news about cholesterol.
By Mark Fischetti and Jen Christiansen
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), Volume 324, Number 1, January 2021, published monthly by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, N.Y. 10004-1562.
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Scientific American, January 2021
© 2020 Scientific american

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