IB diploma chemistry.pdf

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CHEMISTRY
for use with the
IB Diploma Programme
HIGHER LEVEL
Lanna Derry
Maria Connor
Janette Ellis
Faye Jeffery
Carol Jordan
Brian Ellett
Pat O’Shea
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide
and associated companies around the world.
Pearson Heinemann
An imprint of Pearson Education Australia
A division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd
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Copyright © Pearson Education Australia 2009
(a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)
First published 2009 by Pearson Education Australia
2011 2010 2009 2008
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of crystals of silver (symbol Ag, atomic number 47).
Silver is a lustrous, white precious metal that has been known since pre-history.
Its softness and malleability makes it useful in the production of jewellery and coinage.
Silver has a high thermal and electrical conductivity, and so has been used in the electronics industry.
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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Derry, Lanna.
Chemistry: for use with the IB diploma programme higher
level / Lanna Derry, Maria Connor and Carol Jordan.
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780733993800 (pbk.)
Target Audience:
For secondary school age.
Subjects:
Chemistry--Textbooks.
Chemistry--Examinations--Study guides.
Other Authors/Contributors: Connor, Maria.
Jordan, Carol.
Dewey Number:
540
ISBN 978 0 7339 9380 0
Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd ABN 40 004 245 943
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who believe they own copyright to material in this book.
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CHEMISTRY: For use with the IB Diploma Programme
might have associations with deceased
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Author:
Title:
CONTENTS
1 Atomic Structure
1.1 Ionization energies and electron arrangements
1.2 Orbitals, subshells and shells
1.3 Writing electron configurations
Chapter 1 Summary
Chapter 1 Review questions
Chapter 1 Test
1
2
7
13
21
23
24
2 Bonding
2.1 Shapes of molecules and ions
2.2 Hybridization
2.3 Delocalization of electrons
Chapter 2 Summary
Chapter 2 Review questions
Chapter 2 Test
27
29
34
48
55
57
59
3 Periodicity
3.1 Trends across period 3
3.2 First row d-block elements
3.3 Transition metal complexes
Chapter 3 Summary
Chapter 3 Review questions
Chapter 3 Test
61
62
69
77
86
87
89
4 Energetics
4.1 Standard enthalpy changes of reaction
4.2 Lattice enthalpy and Born–Haber cycles
4.3 Entropy
4.4 Spontaneity
Chapter 4 Summary
Chapter 4 Review questions
Chapter 4 Test
91
92
98
106
113
121
122
124
5 Kinetics
5.1 Rate expression
5.2 Reaction mechanism
5.3 Activation energy
Chapter 5 Summary
Chapter 5 Review questions
Chapter 5 Test
127
128
145
152
160
161
164
6 Equilibrium
6.1 Liquid–vapour equilibrium
6.2 The equilibrium law
Chapter 6 Summary
Chapter 6 Review questions
Chapter 6 Test
167
168
174
185
186
188
7 Acids and Bases
7.1 Calculations involving acids and bases
7.2 Acid and base dissociation constants
7.3 Buffer solutions
7.4 Acid–base titrations
7.5 Salt hydrolysis
7.6 Indicators
Chapter 7 Summary
Chapter 7 Review questions
Chapter 7 Test
191
192
201
208
216
227
229
236
238
240
8 Oxidation and Reduction
8.1 Standard electrode potentials
8.2 Electrolysis
Chapter 8 Summary
Chapter 8 Review questions
Chapter 8 Test
243
245
255
272
273
276
iv
9 Organic Chemistry
9.1 More functional groups
9.2 Reactions involving amines and nitriles
9.3 Nucleophilic substitution reactions
9.4 Elimination reactions
9.5 Reactions involving esters and amides
9.6 Reaction pathways
9.7 Isomers—the same but different
Chapter 9 Summary
Chapter 9 Review questions
Chapter 9 Test
279
280
291
295
304
308
317
320
334
339
342
Appendix 1–6
Solutions
Glossary
Index
345
351
361
368
CHEMISTRY: FOR USE WITH THE IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME
HIGHER LEVEL
CONTENTS
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