Scientific American 2020 08.pdf

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AUGUST 2020
SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM
C E L E B R AT I N G
YEARS
ANIMAL SOCIAL DISTANCING
QUANTUM MYSTERY SOLVED
GALILEO’S PLAGUE
ASCENT OF
THE OAKS
How they grew to dominate
North American forests
© 2020 Scientific American
QQ Magazine&Ebook Group: 970508760
Au g u s t 2 0 2 0
VO L U M E 3 2 3 , N U M B E R 2
36
ECONOMIC S
24 Measuring What Matters
Gross domestic product fails
to count the things that make
for a healthy society.
By Joseph E. Stiglitz
H I S TO RY O F S C I E N C E
of oak trees.
By Andrew L. Hipp,
Paul S. Manos and
Jeannine Cavender-Bares
M AT H E M AT I C A L P H Y S I C S
50 Quantum Leap
The quest to solve one of the
greatest open questions in physics:
How can a quantum phenomenon
become macroscopic?
By Spyridon Michalakis
A N T H R O P O LO G Y
32 Galileo’s Lessons for
Living through a Plague
An outbreak in Italy in the 1630s
forced him to find new ways of
doing his research and connecting
with his family.
By Hannah Marcus
E C O LO G Y
58 Survival of
the Friendliest
Natural selection for hypersocial
traits enabled Earth’s apex species
to best competitors.
By Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods
S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y
36 Animals Apart
People are struggling with social
distancing, but lobsters, birds
and some primates routinely use
the strategy to ward off disease.
By Dana M. Hawley and
Julia C. Buck
E VO L U T I O N
64 The Biomass Bottleneck
Strategies for drawing down
carbon dioxide depend on more
trees, grasses and crop residues
than the planet can spare.
By Eric Toensmeier and
Dennis Garrity
ON tHE C OVE R
Oak trees are hugely diverse, with some
435 species worldwide, and they are essential
to the functioning of the forests they inhabit.
Recent genomic studies have allowed re­
searchers to chart their rise to prominence.
Photograph by steve Zimic.
42 Ascent of the Oaks
Genomic studies reveal the
remarkable evolutionary history
2
Scientific American, August 2020
© 2020 scientific American
SCOTT G. RENDER ART PHOTOGRAPHY
Getty Images

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