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JAPANESE CASTLES
AD 250-1540
ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND ILLUSTRATOR
STEPHEN TURNBULL
is recognized as one of the world's foremost
military historians of the medieval and early modern periods. He first rose
to prominence as a result of his
1977
book,
The Samurai: A Military History.
Since then he has achieved an equal fame in writing about European military
subjects and has had almost 60 books published. He has always tried to
concentrate on the less familiar areas of military history, and currently divides
his time between lecturing in Japanese Religion at the University of Leeds
and writing.
PETER DENNIS
was born in
1950.
Inspired by contemporary magazines
such as
Look and Learn
he studied illustration at Liverpool Art College. Peter
has since contributed to hundreds of books, predominantly on historical
subjects. He is a keen wargamer and model maker and is based in
Nottinghamshire, UK.
FORTRESS
•
74
JAPANESE CASTLES
AD 250-1540
STEPHEN TURNBUL
L
ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS
Series editors
Marcus Cowper and Nikolai Bogdanovic
First
published
in
Great Britain
in
2008 by Osprey Publishing,
Midland House, West Way, Batley, Oxford OX2
OPH,
United
Kingdom
443 Park
Avenue
South,
New
York,
NY 10016, USA
Email: info@
ospreypublishing.com
<C
2008 Osprey
Publishing Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose
of
private
study,
research,
criticism or
review, as permitted under the
Copyright,
Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored
in
a
retrieval
system,
or transmitted in any form
or
by
any
means,
electronic, electrical, chemical,
mechanical,
op
t
ical,
photocopying,
recording
or
otherwise,
without
the prior
written
permission of the copyright owner.
Enquiries
should
be
addressed
to the
Publishers.
A CIP catalogue record
for this book
is available
from the
British
Library.
ISBN 978
1
84603 253 0
Editorial by
llios
Publishing,
Oxford, UK
(www.iliospublishing.com)
Page layout
by
Ken
Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK
(kvgd.com)
Cartography: Map Studio
Ltd, Ramsey, UK
Typeset
in Saban and
Myriad Pro
Index by
Alan Thatcher
Originated by
United
Graphic
Pte Ltd
Printed and
bound
in China
through Bookbuilders
0809101112
10987654321
AUTHOR'S DEDICATION
To Andrew
and Sharron
Brayshaw
on
their
wedding.
PREFACE
The use of fortified places in Japan has
a
history
as
long
as
Japanese warfare
itself,
and
extends
back many centuries before the appearance
of
the word
'samurai',
the term
commonly
applied to any Japanese
warrior
of the
pre-modern era. Little has been written in English about
early
Japanese
castles,
and as my previous work in the Fortress
series,
Japanese
Castles
1540-1640
(Osprey
Publishing Ltd; Oxford, 2003), dealt largely
with
the better known later
styles
of Japanese fortifications characterized
by huge
stone
walls and
soaring
towers, this book will
set out
the
origins
of
Japanese
castles
from the moated
settlements of
the
Yayoi
Period
up
to the
emergence of
the tower
keep.
EDITOR'S
NOTE
Unless
otherwise
indicated,
all
images
in
this book
are
the property
of the author
ARTIST'S NOTE
Readers may
care
to note that the original paintings
from which
the
colour
plates in this book were prepared are available for private
sale.
All reproduction copyright
whatsoever
is retained by the Publishers.
All
enquiries should
be
addressed
to:
Peter Dennis, Field head, The Park, Mansfield, Notts, NG18
2AT,
UK
The Publishers regret that they
can enter into
no
correspondence
upon
this matter.
FOR
A
CATALOGUE OF
ALL BOOKS PUBLISHED BY
OSPREY
MILITARY
AND AVIATION
PLEASE CONTACT:
NORTH
AMERICA
Osprey Direct,
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Center, 400
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Email:
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ALL OTHER
REGIONS
Osprey
Direct UK, PO Box
140,
Wellingborough,
Northants,
NN8
2FA,
UK
Email:
info@ospreydirect.co.uk
THE FORTRESS STUDY GROUP
(FSG )
The object of the FSG is to advance the
education
of the public
in
the
study
of all aspects of fortifications
and
their armaments,
especially works
constructed to mount or resist artillery. The FSG holds an annual
conference
in September over
a
long weekend with visits and
evening
lectures,
an annual
tour
abroad
lasting
about
eight days,
and an annual
Members' Day.
The FSG journal
FORTis
published annually,
and
its newsletter
Casemate
is
published three times
a
year. Membership is international. For further
details, please
contact:
The
Secretary, c/o 6
Lanark Place, London W9 1BS, UK
Website:
www.fsgfort.com
www.ospreypublishing
.com
THE
WOODLAND
TRUST
Osprey Publishing
are supporting
the Woodland Trust, the UK's leading
woodland
conservation
charity,
by funding the dedication of trees.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
The first Japanese fortifications
•
The Korean-style fortresses of the Yamato State
•
The northern fortresses
•
Castles of the Heian Period
•
Castles of the Kamakura Period
•
Mansions and mountains
4
CHRONOLOGY
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Yoshinogari
as a fortified Yayoi settlement
•
The Korean-style fortresses
•
The northern
castles
•
Mansions and fortresses of the Heian Period
•
The warrior residence and the
shinden
style
•
The 14th-century
yamashiro
•
lchijodani
and the development of the castle town
Yuzuki
and the
yamashiro
•
The developed
yamashiro
form and the satellite castle
system
•
Urban defence in Kyoto
21
22
THE
LIVING SITES
Castles and conscripts
•
Early arms and armour
·
Crossbows and catapults
•
Health
and
hygiene
45
THE
SITES AT WAR
Sieges
of early castles
•
The sieges of the 14th century
•
The siege of Arai Castle,
1516
53
JAPANESE CASTLE SITES TODAY
FURTHER
READING
INDEX
61
63
64

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