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UNIVERSE
THE DE FINI TI VE VI SUA L GU IDE
SMITHSONIAN
General Editor
Martin Rees
CONTENTS
THIS EDITION
DK LONDON
PROJECT EDITOR
Miezan van Zyl
US EDITOR
Kayla Dugger
PROJECT ART EDITOR
Steve Woosnam-Savage
MANAGING EDITOR
Angeles Gavira Guerrero
MANAGING ART EDITOR
Michael Duffy
JACKET DESIGN DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
Sophia MTT
PRODUCTION EDITOR
Gillian Reid
SENIOR PRODUCTION CONTROLLER
ABOUT THIS BOOK
A SHORT TOUR OF THE UNIVERSE
BY MARTIN REES
6
8
DK DELHI
SENIOR EDITOR
Suefa Lee
EDITOR
Ishita Jha
PROJECT ART EDITOR
Rupanki Arora Kaushik
ART EDITOR
Nobina Chakravorty
DTP DESIGNERS
Pawan Kumar, Ashok Kumar
ASSISTANT PICTURE RESEARCHER
Nimesh Agrawal
SENIOR MANAGING EDITOR
Rohan Sinha
MANAGING ART EDITOR
Sudakshina Basu
PICTURE RESEARCH MANAGER
Taiyaba Khatoon
PRE-PRODUCTION MANAGER
Balwant Singh
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Pankaj Sharma
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE?
THE SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE
CELESTIAL OBJECTS
MATTER
RADIATION
GRAVITY, MOTION, AND ORBITS
SPACE AND TIME
EXPANDING SPACE
THE BEGINNING AND
END OF THE UNIVERSE
THE BIG BANG
OUT OF THE DARKNESS
LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE
THE FATE OF THE UNIVERSE
THE VIEW FROM EARTH
THE CELESTIAL SPHERE
CELESTIAL CYCLES
PLANETARY MOTION
STAR MOTION AND PATTERNS
LIGHTS IN THE SKY
NAKED-EYE ASTRONOMY
46
48
54
56
58
60
62
64
68
70
74
76
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22
24
28
34
38
40
44
Meskerem Berhane
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
Liz Wheeler
PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
Jonathan Metcalf
ART DIRECTOR
Karen Self
PREVIOUS EDITIONS
SENIOR EDITOR
Peter Frances
David Summers, Miezan van Zyl
EDITORS
Joanna Chisholm, Ben Hoare, Giles Sparrow
PROOF READERS
Steve Setford, Jane Simmonds, Nikky Twyman
INDEXERS
Hilary Bird, Jane Parker
SENIOR ART EDITORS
Mabel Chan, Spencer Holbrook, Peter Laws
PROJECT ART EDITORS
Dave Ball, Sunita Gahir, Alison Gardner, Mark Lloyd, Duncan Turner
DESIGNERS
Kenny Grant, Jerry Udall
DESIGN ASSISTANT
Marilou Prokopiou
PICTURE RESEARCHER
Louise Thomas
ILLUSTRATORS
Anbits, Combustion Design and Advertising, Fanatic Design, JP Map
Graphics, Moonrunner Design, Pikaia Imaging, Planetary Visions, Precision Illustration
PRODUCTION CONTROLLERS
Heather Hughes, Mary Slater
PRODUCTION EDITORS
John Goldsmid, Adam Stoneham
MANAGING EDITOR
Camilla Hallinan
MANAGING ART EDITOR
Michelle Baxter
PUBLISHER
Sarah Larter
ART DIRECTORS
Philip Ormerod, Bryn Walls
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
Liz Wheeler
PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
Jonathan Metcalf
CONSULTANT FOR REVISED EDITION
Andrew K. Johnston, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies,
National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, USA.
WARNING
Looking at the Sun with the naked eye, binoculars, or a telescope can cause eye damage.
Advice on safe viewing of the Sun is provided on page 85 of this book (see Solar Telescopes).
The authors and publishers cannot accept any liability to readers failing to follow this advice.
This American Edition, 2020
First American Edition, 2005
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018
Copyright © 2005, 2012, 2020 Dorling Kindersley Limited
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
20 21 22 23 24 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
001–316672–Sep/2020
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise),
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
A catalog record for this book
is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4654-9995-0
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk
for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use.
For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets,
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018
SpecialSales@dk.com
Printed in China
PROJECT EDITORS
Georgina Garner, Rob Houston, Gill Pitts, Martyn Page,
For the curious
www.dk.com
Jacket
Mars;
Endpapers
the Orion Nebula;
Half-title page
the Helix Nebula;
Title page
Jupiter’s moon Europa;
Contents page
the Carina Nebula
Established in 1846, the Smithsonian is the world’s largest museum and research
complex, dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the
arts, sciences, and history. It includes 19 museums and galleries and the National
Zoological Park. The total number of artifacts, works of art, and specimens in the
Smithsonian’s collection is estimated at 155 million.
BINOCULAR ASTRONOMY
TELESCOPE ASTRONOMY
SETTING UP A TELESCOPE
ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES
OBSERVING FROM SPACE
80
82
86
88
90
94
THE MILKY WAY
THE MILKY WAY
STARS
THE LIFE CYCLES
OF STARS
STAR FORMATION
MAIN-SEQUENCE
STARS
OLD STARS
STELLAR END POINTS
224
226
232
234
238
250
254
266
274
282
288
296
300
302
306
320
326
336
MONTHLY SKY GUIDE
USING THE SKY GUIDES
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
GLOSSARY
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
426
428
430
436
442
448
454
460
466
472
478
484
490
496
502
510
526
GUIDE TO THE
UNIVERSE
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
THE HISTORY OF THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
THE FAMILY OF THE SUN
THE SUN
MERCURY
VENUS
EARTH
THE MOON
MARS
ASTEROIDS
JUPITER
SATURN
URANUS
NEPTUNE
PLUTO AND ITS MOONS
THE KUIPER BELT AND
THE OORT CLOUD
COMETS
METEORS AND METEORITES
210
214
220
100
102
104
110
116
126
136
150
170
178
188
200
204
208
98
MULTIPLE STARS
VARIABLE STARS
STAR CLUSTERS
EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
BEYOND THE MIKY WAY
TYPES OF GALAXY
GALAXY EVOLUTION
ACTIVE GALAXIES
GALAXY CLUSTERS
GALAXY SUPERCLUSTERS
THE NIGHT
SKY
THE CONSTELLATIONS
THE HISTORY
OF CONSTELLATIONS
MAPPING THE SKY
Guide to the Constellations
346
348
354
344

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