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Make:
Talking and Listening
to Your Satellite
Sandy Antunes
SPACE-READY
SYSTEMS
DIY Comms and
Control for
Amateur Space
Project Book
Make:
DIY Comms and Control for
Amateur Space
The picosatellite field has exploded, going from fewer than 10
launched per year to over 100 launches halfway through 2015.
You no longer need access to a large university or lab to launch
a satellite. Even a motivated high school group can build (and
launch) one.
Radio spectrum for commanding (and receiving data from) satel-
lites is a shared resource with subtle hurdles. This book walks the
path originally paved by AMSATs to discuss the steps and licens-
ing needed to set up and operate both a command uplink and a
data download station and network. Find out how playing nicely
with others maximizes your ability to get your data down.
This book will help you:
Learn the basics of working with radio
Plan out your ground station
Understand licensing regulation and requirements
Determine your data usage and “link budget”
Design the right antenna for your needs
Prepare to monitor communications and handle anomalies
■
■
■
■
■
■
The fourth part of
Sandy Antunes’
series for aspiring satellite
builders. Be sure to check out
DIY Satellite Platforms, Surviv-
ing Orbit the DIY Way,
and
DIY Instruments for Amateur Space
before you start sending things up into the skies!
US $9.99
CAN $11.99
ISBN: 978-1-449-31066-0
Make:
makezine.com
DIY Comms
and Control
for Amateur
Space
Sandy Antunes
DIY Comms and Control for Amateur Space
by Sandy Antunes
Copyright © 2015 Sandy Antunes. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by Maker Media, Inc., 1160 Battery Street East, Suite 125, San Francisco,
CA 94111.
Maker Media books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promo-
tional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http:/
/safaribookson-
line.com).
For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales depart-
ment: 800-998-9938 or
corporate@oreilly.com.
Editor:
Patrick Di Justo
Production Editor:
Melanie Yarbrough
Proofreader:
Charles Roumeliotis
Interior Designer:
David Futato
Cover Designer:
Ellie Volkhausen
Illustrator:
Rebecca Demarest
June 2015:
First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition
2015-05-27:
First Release
See
http:/
/oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449310660
for release details.
The Make logo and Maker Media logo are registered trademarks of Maker Media,
Inc.
DIY Comms and Control for Amateur Space,
the cover image, and related trade
dress are trademarks of Maker Media, Inc.
While the publisher and the author have used good faith efforts to ensure that the
information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and
the author disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limita-
tion responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use
of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any
code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open
source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to
ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.
978-1-449-31066-0
[LSI]
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1/Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Talking to Machines.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Parts of a Comm System.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Comm for the Impatient.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Two Walkie-Talkies.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Flatsat.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Bidirectional Bench Test Hardware.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Power, Range, and Licensing.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Higher Power Licensing.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Establishing a Ground Network.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Breaking International Law.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Housekeeping Data.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Housekeeping: Bus and Instrument Are Separate.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Alerts and Pages.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Limits Displays: Green, Yellow, Red.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Data Integrity.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Requirements Checklist.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Performance Requirements.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security & Anti-Jamming.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spacecraft Orbits.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frequency Allocation.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical Constraints.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture Choices.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
16
17
17
17
18
Comparing a Space-Based Network to a Ground-Based Network.
. . . . . . . . . 18
NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS).
. . . . . . . . . . . 18
NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Near Earth Network.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2/Radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Transceiver Concepts.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Wavelength and Frequency.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Dual Band and Modulation.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
iii

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