CSS Quick Syntax Reference - Mikael Olsson.pdf

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For your convenience Apress has placed some of the front
matter material after the index. Please use the Bookmarks
and Contents at a Glance links to access them.
Contents at a Glance
About the Author .............................................................................
xv
About the Technical Reviewer .......................................................
xvii
Introduction ....................................................................................
xix
Chapter 1: Using CSS ......................................................................
1
Chapter 2: Grouping........................................................................
5
Chapter 3: Class and id selectors ...................................................
7
Chapter 4: Attribute selectors ......................................................
11
Chapter 5: Pseudo selectors.........................................................
15
Chapter 6: Relationship selectors ................................................
27
Chapter 7: Specificity ...................................................................
31
Chapter 8: Colors ..........................................................................
35
Chapter 9: Units ............................................................................
39
Chapter 10: CSS Properties ..........................................................
43
Chapter 11: Text............................................................................
47
Chapter 12: Spacing .....................................................................
51
Chapter 13: Font ...........................................................................
53
Chapter 14: Background ...............................................................
57
Chapter 15: Gradients ...................................................................
63
Chapter 16: Box model .................................................................
71
iii
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
Chapter 17: Border .......................................................................
73
Chapter 18: Outline .......................................................................
77
Chapter 19: Margin and padding ..................................................
79
Chapter 20: Dimension .................................................................
83
Chapter 21: Positioning ................................................................
87
Chapter 22: Classification ............................................................
95
Chapter 23: List ..........................................................................
101
Chapter 24: Table........................................................................
105
Chapter 25: Media ......................................................................
109
Chapter 26: Best practices .........................................................
113
Index ..............................................................................................
121
iv
Introduction
CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a stylistic language that defines how web
pages are presented. It complements HTML, which is the language used for describing
the structure of web site content. Because HTML predates CSS, it includes a number of
limited stylistic elements and attributes, but they have largely been deprecated in favor of
the much greater design control offered by CSS.
One of the main features of CSS is that it enables the complete separation of a web
site’s presentation from its content.
This
separation reduces the complexity and repetition
associated with including stylistic information in the structural content. Furthermore,
this separation makes it easy to enforce site-wide consistency in the presentation of a web
site because the entire look and feel of a site can be controlled from a single style sheet
document.
As one of the core languages of the Web, CSS is used today by almost all web sites
to enhance the web experience. It has been a revolution in the World Wide Web and is a
must-learn language for anyone working with web design. Like HTML, the CSS language
is easy to learn and use, as is shown in this book.
CSS versions
The
CSS language is under ongoing development by the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C), which is the international standards organization for the Internet.
The
W3C writes
the specifications that web browsers implement to display web pages consistently in
compliance with those specifications. Each new specification extends the language with
new features while maintaining backward compatibility.
The first
specification, CSS level 1 (or CSS 1), became a W3C recommendation in
1996. In 1998, CSS 2 was
finalized,
extending CSS 1 with additional features. Because all
widely used web browsers currently implement the features of both these specifications,
it is seldom necessary to make a distinction between them, and this book does so only
when relevant.
Since 1998, the W3C has been working on CSS 3. Unlike the two earlier levels of
CSS, this level became considerably larger and was therefore split into several separate
specifications called modules.
This
split allowed the modules to mature independently at
their own pace. As a result of the ongoing development, support for CSS 3 varies. Some
features are stable and have widespread browser support; other features are supported
only by the latest browser versions or are not supported at all.
This
book focuses mainly
on the CSS 3 features that are supported in the major browsers at the time of writing.
xix

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