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Beginning Database
Design
Clare Churcher
Beginning Database Design
Copyright © 2007 by Clare Churcher
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-769-9
ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-769-9
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Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick
Technical Reviewer: Stéphane Faroult
Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jason Gilmore, Jonathan Gennick,
Jonathan Hassell, James Huddleston, Chris Mills, Matthew Moodie, Dominic Shakeshaft, Jim Sumser,
Keir Thomas, Matt Wade
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Assistant Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony
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To Neville
Contents at a Glance
Foreword
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
About the Author
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Technical Reviewer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
■
CHAPTER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
What Can Go Wrong
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Guided Tour of the Development Process
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Initial Requirements and Use Cases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Learning from the Data Model
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Developing a Data Model
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Generalization and Specialization
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
From Data Model to Relational Schema
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Normalization
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
More on Keys and Constraints
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Queries
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
User Interface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Other Implementations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
■
CONCLUSION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
■
INDEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
v
Contents
Foreword
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
About the Author
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Technical Reviewer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
■
CHAPTER 1
What Can Go Wrong
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mishandling Keywords and Categories
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Repeated Information
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Designing for a Single Report
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Summary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
■
CHAPTER 2
Guided Tour of the Development Process
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Initial Problem Statement
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Analysis and Simple Data Model
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Classes and Objects
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Relationships
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Further Analysis: Revisiting the Use Cases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Design
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Implementation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Interfaces for Input Use Cases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Reports for Output Use Cases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Summary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
■
CHAPTER 3
Initial Requirements and Use Cases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Real and Abstract Views of a Problem
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Data Minding
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Task Automation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
vii

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