Osprey - Campaign 245 - Demyansk 1942–1943. The Frozen Fortress.pdf

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DEMYANSK 1942–43
The frozen fortress
ROBERT FORCZYK
ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
CAMPAIGN • 245
DEMYANSK 1942–43
The frozen fortress
ROBERT FORCZYK
ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS
Series editor
Marcus Cowper
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHRONOLOGY
OPPOSING COMMANDERS
German
Soviet
5
10
12
OPPOSING FORCES
German
Soviet
Order of battle
19
OPPOSING PLANS
German
Soviet
29
THE DEMYANSK CAMPAIGN
The Soviet Winter Counteroffensive, January 1942 Closing the Demyansk pocket, February 1942
The airlift, February–May 1942 The siege of Kholm, January–May 1942
The German relief operations, March–May 1942 The battle of the Ramushevo corridor,
May–October 1942 The end game, November 1942 to February 1943
33
AFTERMATH
THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY
FURTHER READING
90
92
94
95
INDEX
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Situation, right wing of Heeresgruppe Nord, 6 January 1942
XX
Supply bases
126
XXX
lkh
Luga
Vo
XXXVIII
Chappuis
250
Spanish
203
Novgorod
Reserve
III
Novgorod
Army Group
XX
XXXXX
German strong point
Partisan activity
ov
XX
305
VOLKHOV
XXXXX
NORTH-WESTERN
XX
II
225
XXXX
I
NORD
POL
II
Shimsk
Soltsy
XXXX
Lake
Il’men
III
XV X
X X XX
X
11
XX
XX
Borovichi
84
XX
XX
XX
Kresttsy
North-western
11 XX
X
X 34
XX
XX
Vzvad
290
XXXXX
290
182
XX
Staraya Russa
XX
III
188
254
16
174
81
Tulitovo
180
18
XXX
3
Pola
Pola
30
Lychkovo
XX
202
XX
Valdzy
XXXX
2
X
26
XX
XX
Bologoye
Dno
Airfield
Hansen
Ramushevo
SS
Totenkopf
163
XX
34
XX
12
32
Zeluch’ye
XXX
II
Brockdorf-
Ahlefeldt
Demyansk
X X
X
II X
245
Lake
Vel‘yo
XX
241
XX
34
XXXX
Vyshniy
Volochek
X
va
Lo
Marevo
123
23
33
XX
20
XX
281
SEC
(-)
Kholm
6
4
Ostashkov
249
332
II
XX
XX
358
XX
4
Shock
N
X
RT
X H
K X -W
A X ES
LI X T
N X E
R
IN
XX
Lake
360
Seliger
257
3
Shock
XXXX
t
XXXX
N
XXXXX
Kalinin
22 XX
XX 39
O
334
21
XX
XXXX
N
Loknya
Peno
253
16
X
X
XX
9
III
SS
Vo
22
XX
lga
179
186
XX
XX
XXXX
189
81
5
Andreapol
102
XXX
178
XX
39
Toropets
1
XXIII
Schubert
206
SS
Fegelein
X
(-)
XXX
Velikiye Luki
0
0
25km
25 miles
VI
Rzhev
Bieler
XXXX
Olenino
9
Strauss
1
189. Infanterie-Regiment (81 ID) arrives by train from France at
Andreapol on 5 January.
2
18. Infanterie-Division (mot.) redeploying from Tikhvin to serve as
AOK 16 reserve force.
3
290. Infanterie-Division is defending a nearly 30-mile-wide (50km)
sector along the Pola River with only company-sized
strongpoints.
4
123. Infanterie-Division screens the right flank of AOK 16 across a
35-mile-wide (55km) sector.
5
The reconnaissance battalion from SS-Kavallerie-Brigade screens
the left flank of Heeresgruppe Mitte near Peno.
6
281. Sicherungs-Division has various units operating against
Russian partisans around Kholm.
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
INTRODUCTION
Although the original plan for Operation
Barbarossa
developed in late 1940
had specified Leningrad and Moscow as critical objectives, it had provided no
real guidance about the heavily forested and lake-strewn region that lay
between the two cities. Aside from the ancient Russian capital of Novgorod,
there was little of strategic value in the area around the Valdai Hills except
the main Moscow–Leningrad railway line. Both Hitler and the German
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) simply assumed that intermediary areas
such as these would easily fall into the Wehrmacht’s hands once the Red Army
was crushed in the opening stages of
Barbarossa.
Nor did the OKH anticipate
positional warfare in the vast and remote areas of northern Russia, but
instead believed that rapid manoeuvre warfare would compensate for lack of
sufficient forces to create a continuous front.
German infantry advance into a
village south of Lake Il’men in
August 1941. Initially, AOK 16
planned on only transiting
through this region en route to
the Valdai Hills but was forced
onto the defensive by a series
of Soviet counterattacks
around Staraya Russa that
encircled part of X Armeekorps
(AK) for a week. (Ian Barter)
5
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