Osprey Osprey Guide to Ancient Israel at War 853 586 BC By Brad Kelle Conv.pdf

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Guide To
Ancient Israel at War
853-586 BC
Brad Kelle
Contents
Introduction
Chronology
Background to war
The rise of the kingdoms
Warring sides
The politics of religion, commerce, and war
Outbreak
The emergence of domination and resistance
The fighting
In the maelstrom of empires
Portrait of a soldier
Pekah, son of Remaliah: rebel, officer, king
The world around war
The effects of conflict
Portraits of civilians
Three faces of Israel and Judah
How the war ended
Judah as a Babylonian province
Conclusion and consequences
Forging identities (586–539
BC
)
Further reading
Endnotes
Introduction
Among the powers
In the mid-9th century
BC
, the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah
– existing in the territories now referred to as “the Holy Land,” Israel,
or Palestine – were two of several small kingdoms subsumed under
an Assyrian Empire, ruled from the banks of the Euphrates River. By
the latter part of the 8th century, Assyria had destroyed the Kingdom
of Israel. Little more than a century later, the Kingdom of Judah
suffered a similar fate at the hands of the Babylonians. Although
Judah would later regain an identity, the events of this ancient time
shaped a wealth of literature and continue to influence modern
thinking about the so-called “Middle East.”
This book examines the major military conflicts of the kingdoms
of Israel and Judah from their earliest recorded encounter with the
Assyrians in 853
BC
, to the final destruction of Jerusalem by the
Babylonians in 586
BC
. These wars can provide insights into the
political developments that shaped the broader history of the Ancient
Near East, and the social realities that shaped the lives of ordinary
people in these ancient kingdoms.
Within the broader political history of the Ancient Near East, this
period first saw the dominance of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. This
empire emerged in earnest around 900, and extended its dominance
westward to the Mediterranean Sea by the mid-870s.
For the next two centuries, as Assyria’s fortunes waxed and waned,
the Empire maintained various vassal states and annexed provinces
throughout the Ancient Near East. By 605, however, a weakened
Assyria gave way to the Neo-Babylonian Empire. With the help of
other groups like the Medes, the Babylonians assumed control of
virtually all territories from the Euphrates River to the Mediterranean
Sea south of Anatolia (modern Turkey) and north of Egypt. This

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