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HANDOUTS
For
Madina Book 3
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an
(Toronto)
(NO Copy rights reserved)
Subject
The Absolute Object
The Exception
The Oath
The Diptote
The Absolute Object –
قلطملا لوعفملا
َُ ُ ُ ُ َ
Bilal beat me
a beating
ابً رْ ض لاَلبَ ينِ بَ رَ ض
َ ٌ
َ
قلَ طملا لوعفملا
is a
رَدصم
of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with the
ُ ُ ُ ُ َ
َ
verb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always
بوصنم
ٌ ُ َ
Four Uses of
قلطملا
َُ ُ
The book was printed
twice
لوعفملا
ُ ُ َ
And Allah spoke to Mûsâ
directly
﴾١٦٤:ءاسنلا﴿
نيتَ عبط باتَ كلا عـبِ ُط
ِ َ َ َ ِ َ
Here the
ََِ ِ
ددعلا نايَ بَ ِل
To specify the
number
ىنَ عملا ديكْاتَ ِل
َْ ِ ِ
To emphasize the
meaning
اميلِ كتَ ىسوم هُ َّللا مَّلكوَ
ً
َ َ
َ ُ
a substitute for
رَدصم
is
َ
I thank
you
the verb
ركشّّا
,
ُُ
بِئانَّ لا ردصملا
َُ َ
ُ
ارك ُش
ً
ِ ِ َ
هلِ عف نع
As a substitute for
its verb
ِ
عونَّ لا نايَ بَ ِل
ِ
To specify the type
of action
He died the death of
martyrs
ِ َ
ءاَده ُّشلا توم تام
َ َ َ َ
which is omitted
In this case, only the
رَدصم
is used and the verb is omitted
َ
1
Deputies of the
Masdar
The following words deputize for
رَدصم
and are therefore
بوصنم
, and are grammatically
َ
ٌ ُ َ
regarded as
قلطملا
َُ ُ
۲ هددع
َُُ َ
لوعفملا
.
ُ ُ َ
Flog them eighty stripes
﴾٤:رونلا﴿
I know him fully well
A number with the
رَدصم
as its
زيِيمتَ
َ
َ ِ َ ِ َ َّ
ِ
ةً دلج نيِنامثَ مهوُدلِ جاف ةفرعملا لُك هُ ُفرعّّا
َ َ َ َ ُ
This is for
٤ ِردصملا مسِا
َ َ ُ
ِ ً َ َ َ
اًديد َش اماَلك ينِ مَّلك
He spoke to me harsh
words
يّّا ،ضعبَ ،لُك
with the
رَدصم
as their
ُّ
ُّ ُ
َ
ِ ٌ َ ُ
هيَلِا فاضم
Words
I understood the
lesson very well
ً َ َ ُ ُّ ُ
َِ َ
ردصملا ىَلِا ةفاضم يّّاوَ ضعبَ وَ لُك
ُّ
۱
اًديِّ ج امهَف سرَّدلا تمهف
ُ َِ
َ ً َ
٦
َِ ِ ُ
ةرا َشالا مسِا
؟لابقِتسالا اذه ينِ ُلبِ قتَ ستَ ّّا
َ َ ِ ََ
I lived a happy life
Do you accord me this kind of
reception?
اًديِّ ج سرَّدلا تمهف
ُ َِ
َ َ
۳
هتُ فص
ُ َِ
An adjective of
the
رَدصم
, which
َ
itself is omitted
And you love wealth with an
abounding love
﴾٢٠:رجفلا﴿
A demonstrative pronoun
with the
رَدصم
as its
لَدبَ
َ
امج ابًّ ح لاملا نوبُّ حتُ وَ
ً َ ُ َ َ َ ِ
ِ ِ ِ ِ َُ َ
ِقاَقتِ شالا يف هيقاَليُ ردصم ٥
The cognate
رَدصم
َ
٨ ِ
هُُ فدارَ م
ُ
I worked hard in a way nobody else did
A synonym of
the
رَدصم
َ
ةديعس ةً ايَ ح تشع
ًَ ِ َ َ ُ ِ
ِهيَلِا دِئاعلا هُ ريمض ٧
ُ َ ُ ِ َ
ِتجِا تدهتَ جِا
َ ِْ
يِريغ هُ دهتَ جيَ مَل اداه ُ َ
ً َ
A pronoun referring
to the
رَدصم
َ
2
See subsequent pages for more on these topics
ِ ِ هِ ٌ َ َ
ِ
ِقاَقتِ شالا يف
**
يقاَليُ ردصم
The Cognate
Masdar
–
*
***
A cognate
masdar
is one which is not the
masdar
of the verb used in the sentence, instead it is
related to the verb in its common root. Following two situations apply:
ردصملا
َُ َ
ِ ِ ٌ َ
هيف ديِزم يِثاَلُث
ٌّ
﴾٨:لمزملا﴿
ِ ِ ٌ َ
هيف ديِزم يِثاَلُث
ٌّ
لعفلا
ُ ِ
۲
ردصملا
َُ َ
درجم يِثاَلُث
ٌ َّ َ ُ ٌّ
ِ ِ ٌ َ
هيف ديِزم يِثاَلُث
ٌّ
لعفلا
ُ ِ
۱
From two different forms
And devote yourself to Him with
complete devotion
And you love wealth with an
abounding love
﴾٢٠:رجفلا﴿
ِ ْ َ
اًلـيـتِ ـبـتَ هيَلِا لـتَّ ـبـتَ وَ
امج ابًّ ح لاملا نوبُّ حتُ وَ
ً َ ُ َ َ َ ِ
لـتِّ ـبـيُ لـتَّ ـبَ
Form II
ُ َ َ
Masdar:
ٌ ْ ِ ْ َ
Masdar
لـيـتـبـت
Root:
ل ت ب
*
لـتَّ ـبـتَ ـيَ لـتَّ ـبـتَ
Form V
ُ َ َ َ
Masdar:
لـتـبـت
Ma
ٌ ُّ َ َ
Root:
Root
ل ت ب
بحيَ بح (درجم يِثاَلُث)
بحيُ بحّّا
Form IV
ُّ ِ َّ َ ٌ َّ َ ُ ٌّ
ُّ ِ َّ َ
Masdar:
بابحِا
Ma
Masdar:
بح
Ma
ٌ َ
ٌّ ُ
Root:
ب ب ح
Root:
ب ب ح
Common root
**
ِ
Common root
cog-nate
- \ˈkäg-ˌnāt\ : word related to another by common root
َ
يقاَليُ ىقالَ
(Form III): To meet
قاَقِتشِا
: Derivation
ٌ
3
***
ِردصملا مسِا
َ َ ُ
It is a word, which has the same meaning as the
masdar
but has less letters than the
masdar.
Every
ِ ِ ٌ َ
َِ َ ُ
verb has a
masdar.
But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e.
هيف ديِزم
, there could be
ردصملا مسِا
along
َِ َ
with the regular
masdar.
Mostly Form II has
ردصملا
regular
masdar
on the pattern of
لـيـعـفـت
.
ٌ ِْ َْ
مسِا
on the pattern of
لاعف
along with its
ٌ ََ
ُ
لعفلا
ُ ِ
مِّلسيُ مَّلس
ُ َ َ َ
نذؤَ ـيُ نذّّا
ُ ِّ َ َّ
عدوَ يُ عدوَ
ُ ِّ َ َّ
قـِّلـطيُ قـَّلـط
ُ َ َ َ
ِردصملا مسِا
َ َ ُ
ماَلس
ٌ َ
ناذّّا
ٌ َ
عادوَ
ٌ َ
ٌ َ
قاَلط
َ
ٌماَلك
عاـتَ ـم
ٌ َ
ردصملا
َُ َ
ميْ ِلستَ
ٌ ْ
نيذْاتَ
ٌ ِ
عيدوْ تَ
ٌ ِ
قيْ ـِلطتَ
ٌ ْ
ميِلكتَ
ٌ ْ
لاعـف :نزوَ
ٌ ََ ٌ
ةاَلص
ٌ َ
ٌ ْ ٌ
ةـلَ ـعـُف :نزوَ
لوعـُف :نزوَ
ٌ ُ ٌ
Number of letters in each word:
ٌ
ةلَ ـبْ ـُق
ءوضوُ
ٌ ُ
4
عــْ يـتِ ـمتَ
ٌ ْ
ٌ ْ
ةيَ ِلصتَ
لـيبِ قـتَ
ٌ ْ
ؤـضوَ ـتَ
ٌ ُّ
5
مِّلـكيُ مَّلـَك
ُ َ َ
عـتِّ ـمـيُ عـتَّ ـم
ُ َ َ َ
يِّلصيُ ىَّلص
َ
َ
Form II
لبِّ ـَقـيُ لـبَّ ـقَ
ُ
َ
ّْاضوَ ـتَ ـيَ ّّاضوَ تَ
َّ
َّ
Form V
4

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