Secret Origins of the Bible by Tim Callahan (2002).pdf

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SECRET ORIGINS
O F THE BIBLE
Tim Callahan
MlIXENNIuM
*—ft
MILLENNIUM PRESS
ALTADENA, CALIFORNIA
Copyright © 2002 by Tim Callahan
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced of transmitted in any form, or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published in the United States by Millennium Press,
2761 North Marengo Avenue, Altadena, California, 91001.
Phone: 626/794-3119; Fax: 626/794-1301; e-mail:
skepticmag@aol.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Callahan, Tim
Secret Origins Of the Bible
Includes Bibliographical References and Index.
ISBN: 0-9655047-8-6
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001 131587
1.Biblical criticism. 2.Ancient History. 3. Comparative mythology and religion. I. Title.
Book design, drawings, charts, and jacket design by Pat Linse
Maps by Tanja Sterrmann
Front cover—The Tree Of Life and Wisdom Theme. Top: Sumerian cylinder seal, 2500 BCE with
god, goddess, tree of life, and serpents. Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum. Bottom
Left: Hercules and the Golden Apples of the Hesperides, Roman relief, Museo Di Villa Albani, Rome.
Credit: Alinari/Art Resource, NY. Bottom right: "Paradise" Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640),
The Hague, Netherlands. Credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY.
Back cover—Top panel, left to right: Goddess As A Tree Theme: Egyptian tree goddess, possibly Isis,
from the tomb of Sennudyem, Dier el Medinah, Egypt. Middle: The Oak of Mamre,
nineteenth century engraving. Right: a typical Asherah pillar figurine.
Back cover—Bottom panel, left to right: The Lion-killing Sun Hero Theme: left to right: The Colossus
of Amathus (Tyrian colony on Cyprus) 14 ft. tall statue of Baal Melkarth holding what is probably a
lion, courtesy of the Museums of Archaeology, Istanbul; Persian relief, Gilgamesh holding two
lions, Ancient Art and Architecture Collection Ltd.; Detail, Samson wrestling the lion,
Gustav Dore, courtesy of Dover Publications; Minoan relief, hero holding two lions;
Herakles wrestling the Nemaean Lion, Attic black figure amphora. Courtesy of Christies Images.
987654321
Printed in the United States of America
First Edition
second printing
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface: The Politics of Myth
Introduction: Sifting For the Truth
Chapter i: Finding the Truth: Tools of the Trade
Chapter 2: In the Beginning
Chapter 3: The Deluge
Chapter 4: "I Will Make of Thee a Great Nation"
Chapter 5: The Twelve Tribes
Chapter 6: With a Mighty Hand and an Outstretched Arm
Chapter 7: The Walls ofJericho
Chapter 8: In those days there was no King in Israel
Chapter 9: From Chaos to Kingship
Chapter 10: From Kingdom to Empire, From Division to Destruction
Chapter 11: Good and Evil in the Sight ofYahweh
Chapter 12: In That Day
Chapter 13: "Who do you say that I am?"
Chapter 14: Son of God, Son of man
Chapter 15: The Dying and Rising God
Chapter 16: Dark Secrets In the Light Of Day
Bibliography
Indexes
i
1
6
30
56
79
102
126
149
183
223
261
289
322
355
374
405
428
444
448
a
ABBREVIATIONS
EDITIONS & VERSIONS
O F THE BIBLE
BOOKS OF THE
OLD TESTAMENT
(IN THE ORDER FOUND IN
THE CHRISTIAN BIBLE)
LXX
Septuagint
MT
Masoretic Text
NT . . . .New Testament
OT
Old Testament
JPS
Jewish
Publication Society
KJV . .King James Version
PSEUDEPIGRAPHA*
Ass. Mos
The
Assumption of Moses
1 En
1 Enoch
Jub
Jubilees
* Not a complete list, merely
those referred to in this book.
Gen
Genesis
Ex
Exodus
Lev.
Leviticus
Num
Numbers
RSV
Revised Deut. .. .Deuteronomy
Joshua
Standard Version Josh
Judges
OAB(orOAV) ..Oxford Jud
Ruth
Annotated Bible Ruth
(or Version). An
1 &2Sam
1 &2
annotated edition of the RSV.
Samuel
l&2Kgs
l&2Kings
l&2Chr.
1&2
Chronicles
ANCIENT WORKS
Ez
Ezra
AND COLLECTIONS
OF ANCIENT TEXTS
Neh
Nehemiah
Est
Esther
Antiq. .The Antiquities of
Job
the Jews
by Josephus Job
Psalms
ANET
Ancient
Ps
Proverbs
Near Eastern Texts
Pro
Ecc
Ecclesiastes
edited by James Pritchard.
(The definitive collection
S. of S. . .Song of Songs
of English translations
(also called the
of ancient texts from
Song of Solomon)
Egypt and the Near East.)
Is
Isaiah
Jer.
Jeremiah
Ezek
Ezekiel
BOOKS OF
Dan
Daniel
THE APOCRAPHA*
Hosea
l&2Esd. ..l&2Esdras Hos
Joel
Tob
Tobit Joel
Amos
Jdth
Judith Am
Ob
Obadiah
Wis
Wisdom
Jon
Jonah
of Solomon
Mic
Micah
Sir.
Sirach
Nah
Nahum
Sus
Susanna
Hab
Habakkuk
Bel. . .Beland the Dragon
Zeph
Zephaniah
l&2Mac
1&2 Hag
Haggai
Maccabees
Zech
Zecharaih
*Not a complete list, merely
Mai
Malachi
those referred to in this book.
BOOKS OF THE
N E W TESTAMENT
(IN THE ORDER FOUND IN
THE CHRISTIAN BIBLE)
Mt. .Gospel of Matthew
Mk. .. .Gospel of Mark
Lk
Gospel of Luke
Jn
Gospel of John
Acts .ActsoftheAposdes
Rom
Romans
1 &2Cor.
1 &2
Corinthians
Gal
Galatians
Eph
Ephesians
Phil
Philemon
l&2Thes
1&2
Thessalonians
l&2Tim. .1&2 Timothy
Tit
Titus
Phil
Philemon
Heb
Hebrews
Jms
James
1,2 &3 Pet. ...1,2 &3
Peter
l,2&3Jn. .1,2&3John
Jude
Jude
Rev.
Revelations
ABBREVIATIONS
OF LANGUAGES
Gr.
Heb
L
Greek
Hebrew
Latin
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1: Yahweh, El, Baal and Zeus
18
Figure 2: The Combat Myth: Marduk; Zeus; Apollo; Archangel; St. George
34
Figure 2: The Combat Myth: Sigurd/Fafhir; Herakles; Athena/Jason
35
Figure 3: The Goddess On the Lion: Ishtar; Teshub and Hebat
40
Figure 3: The Goddess On the Lion: Ashtart; nude goddess/Seth; Qadesh
41
Figure 4: Top: The Creation Of Eve and the birth of Athena: Eve; Athena
42
Figure 5: Tlingit Rattle: Raven stealing light from the gods
45
Figure 6: The Goddess and the Serpent: Ashtart; Sumerian, Minoan goddess; Coatlique .46
Figure 6: The Goddess and the Serpent: goddess? suckling serpent; Yogini
47
Figure 7: The Tree Of Life and Wisdom: Sumerian seal; Assyrian relief
50
Figure 7: The Tree Of Life and Wisdom: Paris; Hercules; Rubens; Herakles
51
Figure 8: The Deluge: Cosmology of the ancient world; Noah's ark
64
Figure 9: The Tower Of Babel: Ziggurat of Ur; Tower of Babel
70
Figure 10: Goddess as Tree: Egyptian goddess; Asherah pillar; Oak of Mamre
95
Figure 11: Wrestling with Gods: Peleus; Jacob; Herakles; Janet/Tarn Lin
116
Figure 12: Semites entering Egypt
117
Figure 13: Isis and Horus: Isis conceives Horus; Isis nourishing Horus
136
Figure 14: The Serpent of Healing: Bronze serpents; Aesklepios; caduceus; Sumerian; Moses . .158
Figure 15: The advantages of left handed warriors
186
Figure 16: Marriage by Capture: Sabine Women; Virgins of Shiloh
189
Figure 17: The Bee Goddess
192
Figure 18: The Lion-killing Sun Hero: Gilgamesh; Persian Gilgamesh; Minoan relief;
Samson; Herakles
206
Figure 18: The Lion-killing Sun Hero: Helios; Baal Melkarth; Sun god weapons
207
Figure 19: Lilitu: Sumerian death goddess (Lilith)
218
Figure 20: The Pythonic Spirit: Pythia/Delphi, bearded serpent; Endor Witch
238
Figure 21: David's Dance: David; Inanna; Woman in the window
268
Figure 22: Floor Plans Of Long Room Temples
291
Figure 23: Cherubim & Sphinxes: Cherub thrones; Samarian Cherub; Naxian sphinx . .292
Figure 23: Angelic Beings: Assyrian winged beings; Winged female beings
293
Figure 24: Combat Myth: Future Tense: Yahweh/Leviathan; Archangel Michael
340
Figure 25: Iconographic Documentation of Roman History: Caesar; Claudius; Nero;
Vespasian; Iudaea Capta; Menorah
372
Figure 26: The Egyptian Nativity of Hatshepsut: Queen Hatshepsut
384
Figure 27: The Divine Mother and Child: Tlazolteotl; Isis and Horus
384
Figure 27: The Divine Mother and Child: Tiepolo; Mary/Jesus; Coptic Stela
385
Figure 28: The Divine Bird; dove and Jesus; falcon of Horus
392
Figure 29: The Cross as a Solar Symbol, or the Emblem of the Sky God
420
Tables
Table 1: The Descendants of Cain and Seth
Table 2: The Descendants of Shem according to J, P and R
60
74
Maps
Map 1: The Wanderings Of Abraham
Map 2: The 12 Tribes
Map 3: David's Flight From Saul
Map 4: Israel Under David and Solomon and Tanite Egypt
Map 5: The Divided Kingdom and Shoshenk's Raid
Map 6: Parthian & Roman Frontier
Map 7: The Kingdom Of Herod the great and It's Suceeding Tetrarchates
81
184
256
280
286
344
389

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