Step-by-step Guide to Permaculture Design samples.pdf

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Random sample pages from
A step-by-step guide
to the process
by
Permaculture
Design
Aranya
Contents
Foreword
Preface
How to use this guide
Introduction
You’re already a designer
vii
viii
ix
x
xi
2
3
7
PART ONE ~ Preparations
Observation Skills
Patterns
An Introduction to systems
Principles and directives
Summary
Effective Design
Identifying roles within the process
Working as part of a team
Structuring the process
Flowcharts
Summary
Inclusion
Conflict resolution
Spirals of erosion and degradation
14
15
16
18
19
23
26
27
19
22
25
11
The Action learning cycle
PART TWO ~ The Design Process
Surveying the Site
Maps
Making base and field maps
Create a base map from an existing map
A base map from your own measurements
Base mapping flowchart
30
32
34
34
38
Drawing your base map
Summary
Recording site information
Record existing site elements
Map access points and routes through the site
Identify the different zones on the site
Map the different sectors of the site
Estimating heights
Record water across the site
Take at least one soil sample
Identify the site’s remaining limiting factors
Map any site utilities
Identify any free or cheap resources available.
46
54
55
56
Creating base map overlays
Keeping an observation diary
Summary
Recording site information flowchart
75
76
78
57
59
60
62
69
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79
The Client Interview
The interview
SMART goals
Working with multiple clients or community groups
Small community processes
Small to medium sized group processes
Wider community planning
Client interview flowchart
80
80
85
85
87
88
91
81
Summary
90
Analysis
Identifying functions
Choosing systems and elements
The process
Permaculture ethics
Ecological impact
Financial costs
Time limitations
Appropriate scale
Interconnectedness
Intrinsics
Comparing best options
Visioning and wild design
The process
Functions, systems and elements
Identifying the key functions
Creating your SMART goals
92
93
Summary
Choosing systems and elements flowchart
Around an existing main element
Design from patterns to details
Microclimates
Elevation planning and aspect
Zoning
Access and desire lines
Sectors
Soil type
Utilities
Visualise succession
Incremental design
The fine details…
McHarg’s exclusion method
109
111
97
98
98
102
102
103
103
106
107
108
97
93
94
95
96
Placement
112
The Blank canvas
Integration
Placement flowchart
Summary
Putting it all together…
Integration flowchart
Energy cycling
Process flows
Patterns and principles
Edge effect
Guilds and companion planting
124
112
113
113
115
116
116
117
119
119
119
120
121
121
122
123
124
126
127
128
131
135
136
137
Design Proposal
Share your concept design early
Creating your final proposal
Mapping your ideas
Drawing
Modelling
Using technology
Additional maps
Further information
Implementation details
138
138
139
Summary
Design proposal flowchart
Breaking down the task
Start small and work out from well-managed areas
Least change for greatest effect
Design around the limiting factors
Resource availability
Dependencies (a.k.a. precedences)
Yeoman’s Keyline scale of permanence
150
139
140
144
145
146
146
149
151
Implementation
152
Factors that influence task prioritisation
Summary
Maintenance and Evaluation
Summary
Creating a maintenance plan
The need for ongoing evaluation
Creating a simple implementation plan
Creating a project management plan
Critical Path Analysis
Overseeing a project implementation
161
162
164
165
162
163
152
152
153
153
153
154
154
154
155
156
158
159
Implementation and maintenance flowchart
Presentation flowchart
Presenting to a Client
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169
PART THREE ~ Beyond Land Based Design
Beyond Land Design
Designing processes
Designing zone 00
Designing social structures
Reflecting on the Process
A Call to Action
Appendices
References
Full design process flowchart
Resources
Glossary
Online materials
Recommended reading
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Observation skills
Patterns
One of the first things we notice when
we observe natural ecosystems is that
certain
patterns
keep appearing,
in many situations and at varying
scales. These patterns occur in both
time and space, and while the for-
mer determine our routines, the
latter are often only considered for
their beauty. However, nature’s most
common patterns have evolved over
many millennia
†
as being the
most effective
for survival. While conditions on the surface of the Earth have
changed considerably over time
‡
, life has always managed to
adapt in order to survive and thrive here. So our challenge as
designers is to identify what each of these patterns excels at do-
ing and to apply them where appropriate in our designs.
Patterns in space
The study of patterns and their successful application in design
is a fascinating and detailed subject much beyond the scope of
this guide. That said, there are some key principles that, once
understood, can help us to use them effectively in our designs.
Firstly, patterns occur at the
edge
between two different media
or systems. So the branching fractal form of a broccoli head is
simply the edge between the plant and the atmosphere, the
waves on the ocean the place at which the air mixes with the
water. Resources are exchanged across these edges; needs are
met and waste products eliminated, so by increasing surface
area, nature increases the efficiency of this interaction and ulti-
mately the size and health of the organism. Hence we find that
many of the most common patterns we see around us in nature
(branching, waves, spirals, webs and so on), all have extensive
‘edge’. Of course the ultimate edge on this beautiful planet is
the one between the earth and the atmosphere where almost
everything lives, and that’s because this is where all the key
requirements for life occur together.
† Nature has done 3,500,000,000 years of Research & Development!
‡ Levels of Oxygen in the atmosphere were once much lower and the temperature
of the sun also considerably cooler, requiring higher levels of greenhouse gases.
3

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