Aviation Archive 16 - US Bombers of WWII.pdf

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INTRODUCTION
3
T
US Bombers of WW2
enough to stop a determined foe but it was these two characteristics
which would shape US bomber design for the period.
The one main advantage that the US aircraft manufacturing industry
had over all other countries was the ability to mass produce on a
scale which had never been seen before. While aircraft manufacturing
in Britain expanded to a few shadow factories, in the US, colossal
buildings covering thousands of acres were established in short order
and operated around the clock. Sub-contracts were issued across
the industry and anything up to four, sometimes ve, other major
manufacture’s would also be producing the aircraft, the B-17, B-24
and B-29 are good examples of aircraft that were produced in this
way. The numbers involved were mind-blowing, between July 1940
and August 1945, 3,740 very heavy bombers, 31,685 heavy bombers,
21,461 medium bombers and 39,989 light bombers were built. Out of
these numbers, Britain and the Soviet Union received 13,385 and 4,031
bombers respectively, both nations having taken full advantage of the
Lend-Lease system.
While some of the bombers featured in this issue performed better than
others, their prime advantage over any other was that they were available in
numbers when and where it counted and in all theatres of war.
he role of the bomber has been pushed, pulled, extended and
expanded over the years and, compared to those machines
which served during the Second World War, present day
equivalents are required to perform in a wide variety of roles.
However, the modern USAF has retained three examples of pure
strategic bombers in the shape of the B-52 Stratofortress, B-1 Lancer and
the B-2 Spirit, while much smaller aircraft, such as the F-15E Strike Eagle
remain capable of delivering up to 23,000lb of bombs in a tactical role -
that’s 3,000lb more than a B-29 Superfortress!
The US-built bomber did not come to fruition until after the First
World War, due mainly to the persistent efforts of characters such
as Maj Gen ‘Billy’ Mitchell, a staunch advocate of aerial bombing. It
would take time for sufficiently powerful engines to be developed
in order to realise Mitchell’s vision and it was a shame that he never
got to see his idea of a strategic bomber enter USAAC service in the
shape of the B-17 Flying Fortress in 1938. Even this iconic aircraft
would take time to evolve into the successful bomber that we are
familiar with today and it was the combat reports that were passed
on to the US aircraft manufacturers by the British and French during
the early stages of the Second World War, which helped to shape the
designs that the USAAF would take into combat. Reliance on good
performance combined with good defensive firepower was never
Martyn Chorlton,
Editor
Examples of the first mass produced
Liberator, the B-24D, of which 2,696
were built, 2,381 of them by
Consolidated, San Diego, 305 by
Consolidated at Fort Worth and ten
by Douglas at Tulsa.
Via editor
Aviation Archive Series
US Bombers of WW2 Acknowledgments
Editor:
Martyn Chorlton •
Design:
Paul Sander •
Production Manager:
Janet Watkins •
Publisher and Managing Director:
Adrian Cox •
Executive Chairman:
Richard Cox •
Commercial Director:
Ann Saundry
Picture Credits:
All photographs from the Key Archive unless otherwise credited. •
Distribution:
Seymour Distribution Ltd: +44 (0)20 7429 4000 •
Printing:
Warners (Midlands)
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US Bombers of WW2
6
The US bomber of WW2
12 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
21 Lockheed Hudson
28 Martin Maryland
30 Lockheed Ventura
34 Douglas A-20 family
41 Consolidated B-24 Liberator
41
81
Wichita-built Boeing B-29-45-BW Superfortress awaiting delivery to their respective USAAF bomb groups on October 18, 1944.
Nearest to the camera is 42-24727 which was allocated to the 498th BG based at Isley Field, Saipan. On March 31, 1945 the
bomber was forced to ditch in the Pacific because of an engine failure; one crewman was drowned in the incident.
Via editor
70
50
61
70
74
81
92
96
North American B-25 Mitchell
Martin B-26 Marauder
Martin Baltimore
Douglas A-26 Invader
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
Consolidated B-32 Dominator
Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer

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