Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences.pdf

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E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
FOREST
SCIENCES
E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
FOREST
SCIENCES
Editor-in-Chief
JEFFERY BURLEY
Editors
JULIAN EVANS
JOHN A YOUNGQUIST
Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford
Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK
Elsevier Inc., 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA
&
2004 Elsevier Ltd.
The following articles are US Government works in the public domain and not subject to copyright:
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND ANALYSIS / Biometric Research; Statistical Methods (Mathematics and
Computers). INVENTORY / Modeling. PULPING / Fiber Resources; New Technology in Pulping and Bleaching.
WOOD FORMATION AND PROPERTIES / Wood Quality.
ENTOMOLOGY / Defoliators, Crown Copyright 2004
HEALTH AND PROTECTION / Integrated Pest Management Practices, Crown Copyright 2004
MENSURATION / Growth and Yield, Crown Copyright 2004
PLANTATION SILVICULTURE / Multiple-use Silviculture in Temperate Plantation Forestry, Crown Copyright 2004
PLANTATION SILVICULTURE / Tending, Crown Copyright 2004
SILVICULTURE / Coppice Silviculture Practiced in Temperate Regions, Crown Copyright 2004
SOCIAL AND COLLABORATIVE FORESTRY / Canadian Model Forest Experience, Canadian Crown Copyright
2004
AFFORESTATION / Species Choice,
&
Commonwealth Scientific and International Research Organization (CSIRO)
TREE PHYSIOLOGY / Nutritional Physiology of Trees,
&
Commonwealth Scientific and International Research
Organization (CSIRO)
TREE PHYSIOLOGY / Physiology and Silviculture,
&
Commonwealth Scientific and International Research
Organization (CSIRO)
The article SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT / Causes of Deforestation and Forest Fragmentation is adapted
with permission of Academic Press from Ghazoul J and Evans J (2001) Deforestation and land clearing. In:
Levin SA (Ed.)
Encyclopedia of Biodiversity
ISBN: 0-12-226865-2
SOLID WOOD PRODUCTS / Construction; Logs, Poles, Piles, Sleepers (Crossties) and Glued Structural Members
are adapted with permission from the Forest Products Laboratory (1999). Wood Handbook – Wood as an engineering
material.
General Technical Report
FPL-GTR-113. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS / Mangroves is adapted with permission of Elsevier Ltd. from Spalding MD (2001)
Mangroves. In: Steele JH, Turekian KK and Thorpe SA (Eds).
Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences.
ISBN: 0-12-227 430-X
PLANTATION SILVICULTURE / Forest Plantations is adapted with permission of Eolss Publishers from
Evans (2003)
Forest Plantations, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
http://www.eolss.net
PACKAGING, RECYCLING AND PRINTING / Paper Recycling Science and Technology is adapted with
permission of Elsevier Ltd. from Doshi MR and Dyer JM (2001) Paper recycling and recycled materials. In:
Buschow KHJ, Cahn RW, Flemmings MC, Ilschner B, Kramer EJ and Mahajan S (Eds)
Encyclopedia of Materials
Science and Technology.
ISBN: 0-08-043152-6
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (
þ
44) 1865 843830,
fax (
þ
44) 1865 353333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier
homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
First edition 2004
Library of Congress Control Number: 2003113256
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 0-12-145160-7 (set)
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Printed in Spain
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Jeffery Burley
University of Oxford
Oxford
UK
EDITORS
Julian Evans
Imperial College London
Ascot, UK
John A Youngquist
Forest Products Consultant
Verona, WI, USA
Said AbuBakr
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, MI, USA
L A Bruijnzeel
Vrije Universiteit
HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Rowland Burdon
New Zealand Forest Research Institute
Rotorua, New Zealand
James Barrack Carle
Forest Resources Development Service
Rome, Italy
Dennis Dykstra
Blue Ox Forestry
Portland, OR, USA
Jaboury Ghazoul
Imperial College London
Ascot, UK
Stephen Harris
University of Oxford
Oxford, UK
John L Innes
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Madhav Karki
Medical and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA)
New Delhi, India
Simon R Leather
Imperial College London
Ascot, UK

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