WEF_Net_Zero_Carbon_Cities_An_Integrated_Approach_2021.pdf

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Net Zero Carbon Cities:
An Integrated Approach
INSIGHT REPORT
JANUARY 2021
Cover:
Kynny/Getty Images
Inside:
Remus Kotsell/Getty Images, Kokouu/Getty Images, Mike Blake/Reuters, Imamember/
Getty Images, Alex Potemkin/Getty Images, Wsfurlan/Getty Images, WangAnQi/Getty Images,
Thomas Northcut/Getty Images, ViewApart/Getty Images
Contents
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4
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10
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22
29
31
Foreword
Overview
1
An integrated approach for cities
2
How to transition to an integrated approach
A
Ultra-efficient buildings
B
Smart energy infrastructure
C
Clean electrification
D
Compact cities
3
Who needs to act?
Contributors
Endnotes
© 2021 World Economic Forum. All rights
reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system.
Net Zero Carbon Cities: An Integrated Approach
2
January 2021
Net Zero Carbon Cities: An Integrated Approach
Foreword
Why is it so important that we decarbonize
cities? How should we do it?
These are the questions we have addressed in
this paper.
The first question is easy to answer: the cities in
which more than one-half of us live account for
nearly two-thirds of the CO
2
emissions that lie
at the root of our planet’s looming climate crisis.
Skyscrapers in megalopolises, shopping malls, SUVs
and the growing use of air conditioning all consume
a vast amount of high CO
2
content energy.
The answer to the second question is more complex.
While many cities are increasing their commitments
on and progress towards becoming net zero
carbon emitters, they still have a long way to go.
With climate change accelerating, we need action
on three fronts. First, most of our energy needs to
be produced from renewable sources. Second,
we need cars, public transport and heating to be
powered by electricity. Third, we need a more
efficient system. This involves making everything
- from factories and homes to transport and
consumer devices - more energy efficient and
interconnected. Smart energy infrastructure is the
fundamental interconnector of such an integrated,
efficient system.
Digitalization is key to integrating assets and actions
to make decarbonization successful. Consider, for
example, technologies that automatically adapt the
cooling or lighting in a building to occupancy levels
at any given moment, or digital tools that allow the
operators of a manufacturing site to run operations
more efficiently.
Francesco Starace and
Jean-Pascal Tricoire are
Co-Chairs of the Net Zero
Carbon Cities: An Integrated
Approach programme at the
World Economic Forum.
Francesco Starace,
Chief Executive Officer and
General Manager Enel Group
panels supply energy to just “their” building, not
to the wider neighbourhood. Electric vehicle (EV)
batteries store power for only one car when they
could also potentially act as an energy storage
reserve for the surrounding community. To be more
successful in confronting climate change, cities can
use digital technologies to integrate and connect
these individual assets throughout the urban area,
designing and retrofitting our cities to be more
compact and accessible.
This Global Framework highlights the advantages
and opportunities of taking a more integrated
approach to urban and energy planning. By
aggregating insights from stakeholders throughout
the urban ecosystem, it describes how cities can
achieve systemic change and a greater-than-the-
sum-of-the-parts effect by maximizing energy
effectiveness and efficiencies among the interfaces
of energy, buildings and transport.
The technologies to bring about such system-
wide efficiencies already exist. Cities can take
full advantage of their potential and recognize
that investments in greener, more efficient cities
benefit not just the environment, but also the
jobs market, public health, the well-being of
communities, and the overall liveability and
sustainability of an urban area.
To meet our climate goals, policy-makers,
business, infrastructure and real estate
developers, city administrators, civil society
and the financial sector all have a role to play.
This Global Framework seeks to create a
common language and an integrated agenda
for urban stakeholders. There is no one-size-
fits-all answer, but there are many experiences,
success stories and tools to share. As co-chairs
our ambition is to accelerate a sustainable
transition in cities, supporting mayors in creating
value for their communities. We welcome
stakeholders to join us in this effort –
Net Zero
Carbon Cities: An Integrated Approach.
Net Zero Carbon Cities: An Integrated Approach
3
Jean-Pascal Tricoire,
Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer
Schneider Electric
Progress on these fronts is, for the most part, taking
place in isolation. We should be thinking about
improving the way in which the energy profile of
buildings - homes, universities, swimming pools
- complement each other. Often rooftop solar
Overview
Across the globe, cities account for most of our
carbon emissions and energy use. While cities
cover 3% of the earth’s land surface ,
1
they create
more than 70% of all carbon emissions,
2
mainly
from buildings, energy and transport. They also
consume 78% of the world’s primary energy.
Currently, 54% of all people live in cities – a
percentage that is projected to rise to 68% by
2050. As the population grows, so does new
construction, resulting in even higher energy
consumption and carbon emissions.
To keep global temperature increases to 1.5°C
or below, cities have to achieve net-zero
emissions by mid-century.
3
As the world faces
economic, health and social setbacks due to
the COVID-19 pandemic, solutions that solve
multiple issues are critical and can maximize
limited resources.
This report provides a global framework and
recommends an integrated energy approach,
defined as “systemic efficiency”, as a solution to the
current environmental, economic, health and social
crises. Systemic efficiency encompasses clean
electrification, smart digital technology, and efficient
buildings and infrastructure, along with a circular
economy approach to water, waste and materials.
Planning and digital technologies that integrate
buildings, energy, transport and water systems are
central to systemic efficiency.
By taking a holistic approach, cities have an
opportunity to boost their resilience to withstand a
range of potential future climate- and health-related
crises. This framework aims to provide solutions
that will enable cities to rethink the delivery of urban
infrastructure and ensure that it is greener, smarter,
resilient, more equitable and efficient.
Systemic Efficiency
Systemic Efficiency is a delivery mechanism that encompasses clean electrification, smart digital
technology, and efficient buildings and infrastructure, along with a circular economy approach to water,
waste and materials.
Net Zero Carbon Cities: An Integrated Approach
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1
An integrated approach
for cities
Net Zero Carbon Cities: An Integrated Approach
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