Donohu Mark. Warembori Grammar Sketch.pdf

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M
ARK
D
ONOHUE
University of Sydney
donohue@linguistics.usyd.edu.au
Sentani, May 1999
i
M
ARK
D
ONOHUE
Started 11th May 1998; wrapping up in May 1999
University of Sydney
donohue@linguistics.usyd.edu.au
Warembori is a language spoken by 600-700 people living in river mouths on the
north coast of the island of New Guinea, in the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya.
It has not been previously described in any grammatical detail, and this sketch
presents some of the complexities of applicative and noun incorporation
structures, as well as aspects of its interesting phonology. A structuralist approach
is taken to the description, allowing the morphosyntax of the language itself
determine the categories used in the description, rather than impose a particular
theoretical model on the data. After surveying the main grammatical constructions
in Warembori, including notes on the speakers’ preferences for alternative
constructions, notes on the genetic affiliations of Warembori with respect to
nearby Papuan and Austronesian languages are given, and a short text to illustrate
the language in context.
[in addition to this, this sketch is intended to serve as an illustrative guide to
grammatical sketch writing, with frequent explanations as to why particular
choices were made, and why some things were omitted or put in. It is not
intended to discuss all the possible grammatical structures that might be
encountered when examining a language, but is aimed at being a useful guide to
the style of writing up grammatical information for a wider audience]
Note: the un-annotated version of the Warembori grammar was published at the end of
1999. It can be cited as follows:
D
ONOHUE
, M
ARK
. 1999.
Warembori.
Languages of the World/Materials 341. Muenchen:
Lincom Europa.
Since all the annotations are absent in the published version, the pagination is not the same
as this version. For those who wish to (try to) cite the pages of the published version, the table
of contents of the un-annotated printed version has been included at the back of this document,
following the references.
Table of Contents for annotated version
1. Introduction
1.1 The language and its speakers
1.2 History and social structure
1.3 Environment and economic life
1.4 The future
1.5 Previous work
1.6 Current work
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2. Phonology
2.1 Basic phonemes
2.2 Automatic processes
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2.3 Unusual features
2.4 Phonotactics
2.5 Orthography employed
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3. Major Grammatical patterns
3.1 Basic clause structure
3.2 The indicative
3.3 Verbal agreement
3.4 Noun phrases
3.5 Complex constructions
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4. Clause types
4.1 Non-verbal clauses
4.2 Verbal clauses
4.3 Interrogative clauses
4.4 Negation
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5. Pragmatic and syntactic variation
5.1 Fronting
5.2 Restructuring
5.2.1 Applicatives
5.2.2 External possession
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6. Word classes
6.1 Open word classes: a multi-dimensional approach
6.1.1 Predication
6.1.2 Attribution
6.1.3 Reference
6.1.4 Emerging patterns
6.1.5 Derivation
6.2 Closed word classes
6.2.1 Pronouns
6.2.2 Prepositions
6.2.3 Demonstratives
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7. Noun phrases and oblique arguments
7.1 Basic structure
7.2 The use of the indicative suffixes
7.3 The position of adjectives
7.4 Other modification
7.4.1 Relative clauses
7.4.2 Numerals
7.4.3 Oblique phrases
7.5 Obliqueness
7.5.1 Temporal adverbs
7.5.2 Directional and manner obliques
7.5.3 Preferred structure
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8. Possession
8.1 Bound possessive markers
8.2 Alienable vs. inalienable possession
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9. Basic verbs
9.1 Subject agreement classes
9.2 Verb final position: options
9.3 Object agreement
9.4 No overt object
ii
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9.5 Aspect
9.6 Direction
9.7 Negation
9.8 Sequential action
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10. Valency increasing
10.1 Applicatives
10.2 Causation
10.3 External Possession
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11. Serial verbs and complex predicates
11.1 Contiguous serialisation
11.2 Non-contiguous serialisation
11.3 Serialisation with a quantifier
11.4 Valency reduction
11.4.1 Reflexives and emphatic subject
11.4.2 Reciprocals
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12. Undergoer in intransitive verbs
12.1 Cross-linguistic view: the options
12.2 The ‘well-behaved’ verbs
12.3 External force verbs
12.4 Double-marked verbs
12.5 Body part experiencer
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13. Incorporation
13.1 Habitual incorporation
13.2 Post-verbal incorporation
13.3 Incorporation and applicatives
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14. Complex sentences
14.1 Conjunction
14.2 Subordination
14.3 Wanting, thinking
14.4 Commands
14.5 Questions
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15. Wordlist
15.1 Basic lexical materials in Warembori
15.2 Comparison with Yoke
15.2.1 Lexical comparison
15.2.2 Morphological comparison
15.3 Comparison with Austronesian languages: implications for contact
history
15.3.1 Lexical comparisons
15.3.1 Morphological comparison
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16. Textual style
17. Text
17.1 Background
17.2 Evoiva ‘Fishing’
17.3 Linguistic notes
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18. Abbreviations
19. References
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