fm3-22-90.pdf

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This publication is available at
Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and
General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine
Digital Library at (www.train.army.mil).
*FM
3-22.90
Field Manual
No. 3-22.90
Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 7 December 2007
Mortars
Contents
Page
PREFACE ........................................................................................................... xiii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1-1
Section I. General Doctrine .............................................................................. 1-1
Effective Mortar Fire............................................................................................ 1-1
Mortar Positions .................................................................................................. 1-1
Section II. Indirect Fire Team ........................................................................... 1-2
Applications......................................................................................................... 1-2
Team Mission...................................................................................................... 1-2
United States Mortars ......................................................................................... 1-3
Section III. Safety Procedures ......................................................................... 1-5
Duties Of The Safety Officer and Supervisory Personnel .................................. 1-5
Safety Diagram and Safety “T” ........................................................................... 1-8
Surface Danger Zones......................................................................................1-12
Section IV. Ammunition..................................................................................1-13
Ammunition Care and Handling ........................................................................1-13
Ammunition Color Codes ..................................................................................1-15
Field Storage of Ammunition.............................................................................1-15
Chapter 2
SIGHTING AND FIRE CONTROL EQUIPMENT ............................................... 2-1
Section I. Compass, M2.................................................................................... 2-1
Characteristics .................................................................................................... 2-1
Description .......................................................................................................... 2-2
Use...................................................................................................................... 2-2
Section II. Aiming Circles, M2 and M2A2........................................................2-5
Characteristics .................................................................................................... 2-5
Description .......................................................................................................... 2-5
Use...................................................................................................................... 2-6
Accessory Equipment ......................................................................................... 2-9
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FM 3-22.90, 31 December 2004.
7 December 2007
i
Table of Contents
Setup and Leveling of the Aiming Circle...........................................................2-10
Declination Constant .........................................................................................2-11
Orienting of the Instrument on Grid North to Measure Grid Azimuth to
Objects........................................................................................................2-14
Measuring of the Horizontal Angle Between Two Points..................................2-14
Orienting of the 0-3200 Line on a Given Grid Azimuth .....................................2-15
Orienting of the 0-3200 Line on a Given Magnetic Azimuth .............................2-15
Verification of the Lay of the Platoon ................................................................2-16
Orienting by Orienting Angle.............................................................................2-17
Disassembly of the Aiming Circle .....................................................................2-17
Care and Maintenance......................................................................................2-18
Section III. Sightunits .....................................................................................2-18
Sightunit, M67 ...................................................................................................2-18
Sightunit, M64-Series........................................................................................2-19
Operation of Sightunits .....................................................................................2-21
Care and Maintenance of Sightunits.................................................................2-23
Radioactive Tritium Gas....................................................................................2-23
Section IV. Boresights....................................................................................2-24
Boresight, M45-Series ......................................................................................2-24
Boresight, M115 ................................................................................................2-25
Sight Calibration................................................................................................2-26
Boresight Method Of Calibration.......................................................................2-26
Calibration for Deflection Using the M2 Aiming Circle ......................................2-28
Section V. Other Equipment ..........................................................................2-30
Aiming Posts, M14 and M1A2...........................................................................2-30
Aiming Post Lights, M58 and M59 ....................................................................2-31
Section VI. Laying of the Section ..................................................................2-32
Reciprocal Laying..............................................................................................2-33
Placing Out Aiming Posts .................................................................................2-39
Section VII. Loading and Firing .....................................................................2-42
Firing of the Ground-Mounted Mortar ...............................................................2-42
Target Engagement ..........................................................................................2-42
Execution of Fire Commands............................................................................2-43
Arm-and-Hand Signals......................................................................................2-45
Subsequent Fire Commands ............................................................................2-46
Repeating and Correcting of Fire Commands ..................................................2-46
Reporting of Errors in Firing..............................................................................2-47
Night Firing........................................................................................................2-47
Chapter 3
60-mm MORTAR, M224.....................................................................................3-1
Section I. Squad and Section Organization and Duties ................................3-1
Organization........................................................................................................3-1
Duties ..................................................................................................................3-1
ii
FM 3-22.90
7 December 2007
Table of Contents
Section II. Components .................................................................................... 3-2
Tabulated Data.................................................................................................... 3-2
Cannon Assembly, M225.................................................................................... 3-3
Bipod Assembly, M170 ....................................................................................... 3-3
Baseplate, M7 ..................................................................................................... 3-5
Baseplate, M8 ..................................................................................................... 3-5
Section III. Operation ........................................................................................ 3-6
Premount Checks ............................................................................................... 3-6
Mounting of the Mortar........................................................................................ 3-6
Safety Checks Before Firing ............................................................................... 3-7
Small Deflection and Elevation Changes............................................................ 3-8
Large Deflection and Elevation Changes ........................................................... 3-8
Referring of the Sight and Realignment of Aiming Posts ................................... 3-9
Malfunctions ......................................................................................................3-10
Removal of a Misfire .........................................................................................3-11
Dismounting and Carrying of the Mortar...........................................................3-15
Section IV. Ammunition..................................................................................3-16
Classification and Types of Ammunition...........................................................3-16
Fuzes ................................................................................................................3-19
Cartridge Preparation........................................................................................3-21
Care And Handling............................................................................................3-22
Chapter 4
81-mm MORTAR, M252..................................................................................... 4-1
Section I. Squad and Section Organization and Duties ................................ 4-1
Organization........................................................................................................ 4-1
Duties .................................................................................................................. 4-1
Section II. Components .................................................................................... 4-3
Tabulated Data.................................................................................................... 4-4
Cannon Assembly, M253.................................................................................... 4-5
Mount, M177 .......................................................................................................4-5
Baseplate, M3A1................................................................................................. 4-6
Section III. Operation ........................................................................................ 4-7
Premount Checks ............................................................................................... 4-7
Mounting of the Mortar........................................................................................ 4-8
Safety Checks Before Firing .............................................................................4-10
Small Deflection and Elevation Changes..........................................................4-10
Large Deflection and Elevation Changes .........................................................4-11
Referring of the Sight and Realignment of Aiming Posts Using the M64
Sight............................................................................................................4-12
Malfunctions ......................................................................................................4-12
Removal of a Misfire .........................................................................................4-12
Dismounting of the Mortar.................................................................................4-16
7 December 2007
FM 3-22.90
iii

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