Evaluation+definitions+methods+and+models-06.pdf

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Working Paper
R2006:002
Evaluation:
definitions, methods and models
An ITPS framework
Federica Calidoni-Lundberg
ITPS, Swedish Institute For Growth Policy Studies
Studentplan 3, SE-831 40 Östersund, Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0)63 16 66 00
Fax: +46 (0)63 16 66 01
E-mail info@itps.se
www.itps.se
ISSN 1652-0483
For further information, please contact Federica Calidoni-Lundberg
Telephone +46 063 166617
E-mail federica.calidonilundberg@itps.se
EVALUATION: DEFINITIONS, METHODS AND MODELS
Foreword
In the last decades evaluation has became more and more of an independent
science, that has its roots in many disciplines and turns out to be a useful tool
for understanding and implementing policy studies, performance assessment,
engineering design, investment portfolio and so on. Notwithstanding the large
amount of definitions and objectives of evaluation programmes it is clear cut,
and widely participate in the scientific community that evaluators strive to
contribute to social betterment and this could only be achieved if evaluation
findings are fed back to inform programme administrators, policymakers and
other stakeholders and to improve the programme structure and operations.
One of ITPS main tasks is to develop evaluation methods and use them.
This work shed light on the existing literature on evaluation research and it
aims to classify and easily illustrate the most recent approaches to evaluation
theory, underlying their advantages and disadvantages in different context.
Looking at the latest contributions, the project will focus on (1) existing defini-
tion of evaluation, (2) qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluation and
(3) the role of the evaluator.
The report summarizes and clarifies what is
evaluation
in a governmental
agency, which functions and values it serves, and which issues, models and
methods of the existing literature can be useful instruments for evaluators fac-
ing budget, time or data constraints.
The report was written by Federica Calidoni-Lundberg, ITPS Östersund.
Östersund, July 2006
Håkan Gadd
Head of the Evaluation department
3
EVALUATION: DEFINITIONS, METHODS AND MODELS
Table of Content
Summary............................................................................................................ 7
1
Where does evaluation come from? History ....................................... 10
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Historical background ............................................................................ 10
Philosophical roots ................................................................................ 12
Theoretical developments ..................................................................... 14
Where is evaluation theory now?........................................................... 16
2
3
Definition ................................................................................................. 17
What does it mean
to evaluate?
Procedure......................................... 21
3.1
3.2
Models of Evaluation ............................................................................. 24
Methods of Evaluation ........................................................................... 27
4
What is the role of evaluators? Ethics ................................................. 31
Conclusions..................................................................................................... 33
References....................................................................................................... 35
5

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