Risks and Threats of Cryptocurrencies ( PDFDrive ).pdf

(49328 KB) Pobierz
RISKS AND THREATS OF
CRYPTOCURRENCIES
31 December 2014
Prepared for the
Homeland Security Enterprise
i
HOMELAND SECURITY STUDIES AND ANALYSIS INSTITUTE
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Section 305 of PL 107-296, as codified in 6 U.S.C. § 185)
authorizes the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), acting through the
Under Secretary for Science and Technology, to establish one or more federally funded research
and development centers (FFRDCs) to provide independent analysis of homeland security issues.
Analytic Services Inc. operates the Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute (HSSAI) as
an FFRDC for DHS under contract HSHQDC-09-D-00003.
HSSAI provides the U.S. Government with the necessary expertise to conduct: crosscutting
mission analysis, strategic studies and assessments, development of models that baseline current
capabilities, development of simulations and technical evaluations to evaluate mission trade-offs,
creation and evolution of high-level operational and system concepts, development of top-level
system and operational requirements and performance metrics, operational analysis across the
homeland security enterprise, and analytic support for operational testing evaluation in tandem
with the government’s acquisition process. HSSAI also works with and supports other Federal,
state, local, tribal, public and private sector organizations that make up the homeland security
enterprise.
HSSAI’s research is undertaken by mutual consent with the DHS and is organized as a set of dis-
crete tasks. This report presents the results of research and analysis conducted under
Task 14-01.03.03, Risks and Threats of Virtual Currencies
The purpose of the task is for HSSAI to provide the Homeland Security Enterprise (HSE) with a
better understanding of the threat posed by cryptocurrency and to present recommendations to
the federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies and prosecutors to overcome challenges
associated with investigating crimes conducted with cryptocurrency.
The results presented in this report do not necessarily reflect official DHS opinion or policy.
ii
RISKS AND THREATS OF
CRYPTOCURRENCIES
31 December 2014
Prepared for the
Homeland Security Enterprise
Subcontractor:
Hillard Heintze
iii
For information about this publication or other HSSAI research, contact
HOMELAND SECURITY STUDIES AND ANALYSIS INSTITUTE
Analytic Services Incorporated
5275 Leesburg Pike, Suite N-5000
Falls Church, VA 22041
Tel (703) 416-3229 • Fax (703) 379-2556
www.homelandsecurity.org
Publication Number: RP14-01.03.03-02
iv
Contents
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... ix
Common Terms ................................................................................................................ xi
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 1
Section I: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 5
Section II: Projections, Findings, and Recommendations ............................................ 13
Appendix I: Cryptocurrency Primer ............................................................................... 33
Appendix II: Regulatory Environment ........................................................................... 69
Appendix III: Illicit Uses of Cryptocurrencies ............................................................... 81
Appendix IV: Notable Federal and State Prosecutions ................................................123
Appendix V: Cryptocurrency Trends ............................................................................ 135
Appendix VI: How Does Bitcoin Fit into the Monetary and Financial Systems? ....... 155
Appendix VII: Bitcoin in the Developing World .......................................................... 163
Appendix VIII: Bitcoin Mining: Energy and Iceland ................................................... 171
Appendix IX: Select Interviews and Events Attended .................................................. 177
v

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin