Dynamic Tectonics and Karst (Cave and Karst Systems of the World) - Stefan Shanov, Konstantin Kostov.pdf

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Cave and Karst Systems of the World
Stefan Shanov
Konstantin Kostov
Dynamic Tectonics
and Karst
Cave and Karst Systems of the World
Series editor
James W. LaMoreaux, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/11987
Stefan Shanov
•
Konstantin Kostov
Dynamic Tectonics
and Karst
123
Stefan Shanov
Konstantin Kostov
Department of Seismotectonics, Geological Institute
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Sofia
Bulgaria
ISBN 978-3-662-43991-3
ISBN 978-3-662-43992-0
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-43992-0
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945135
(eBook)
Ó
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
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Preface
The book
Dynamic Tectonics and Karst
is designed for scientists, professionals, and
students, working in the field of karst science, tectonics, geomorphology, and
paleoseismology. It tries to systematize the gained knowledge about the relationship
between karst and dynamic tectonics and to present new approaches to the study of
this relationship.
The structure of the book is summarized in the following chapters:
•
Chapter
1
is an introductory chapter. It outlines the history of the accomplished
studies dealing with the relationship ‘‘karst and tectonics.’’ This relationship was
mentioned even in the works of the first karstologists at the end of the nineteenth
century. During the last three decades, the study of the dynamic tectonics and
recent geodynamics in karst terrains was a theme of different publications but not
systematized in a complete monograph. We hope that significant contributions to
this field are referred, and especially the less known publications from East
European authors will be of interest for the readers.
•
Chapter
2
discusses the fundamental notions related to tectonic stress fields and
the applicable methods for field studies of the relationship ‘‘tectonic stress
?
fracturing
?
karst process.’’ Basic theoretical information is given for the
electrical anisotropy of rocks and for earthquake mechanisms in the Earth’s crust
as phenomena that help a lot the correct organization in time and space of the
reconstructed tectonic stress fields. The time sequence of the reconstructed stress
fields is very important for the understanding of the evolution of the karst process
and the correct assessment of the present-day situation in karst areas. A number of
case studies from Bulgaria, Albania, Cuba, and France are presented. They give
better knowledge of how stress fields control the drainage route of water and the
formation of cavities and cave systems. One of the practical aspects of such
studies is normally related to the hydrogeology and problems of water supply and
water pollution. However, another practical issue in investigating karst systems
(especially the active karst) is that it gives knowledge about the youngest, pres-
ent-day stress field which could be offered as an intelligent and low-costing first
approach for planning and control of artificial fracturing in oil and gas fields.
•
Chapter
3
is dedicated to methods of study of remains of seismotectonic events in
the caves. Karst systems provide a favorable environment to determine the
geometrical and mechanical parameters and to date them. Methods of study of the
recent geodynamics in karst terrains and the complex methodology are presented.
They include analyses of the spatial orientation of deformed speleothems,
instrumental measurements and monitoring, mechanical measurements and
modeling, and absolute dating of the deformed speleothems. Case studies from
v

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