13 Endgames Part 2.pdf

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12-14 .
ENDGAMES
PARTS ONE ,
TWO, AND
THREE
G ARRY ’ S D OUB LE CHECK
“Endgame technique could
• “Many Soviet chess trainers emphasized endgame study very
early on because it teaches the power of the pieces. It makes
benefit you dramatically
sense because how do you know where you are going if you
because more people spend
don’t understand your destination?”
time in the openings...study
the end games and I bet it
LE ARN M ORE
will be time well spent.”
—Garry Kasparov
• Russia’s Alexander Alekhine (later baturalized French) took
SU B C HAPTER S
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Purity of the Endgame
Reti, 1921
Drama in the Endgame
Shouldering
Precision of Endgames
Opposition
Zugzwang
Zugzwang and Stalemate
Tactical Elements in Pawn End-
games
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•
•
•
•
•
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Rook Endgames
Queen versus Pawn
Role of the King
Endgame Paradoxes
Domination in the Endgame
Bishop and Knight Mate
Making Mistakes in the Endgame
GARRY K A SPAROV
50
the world title from Cuba’s José Raúl Capablanca in a
legendary World Championship match held in Buenos Aires,
Argentina, in 1927. It lasted 34 games, the longest until
Garry’s first match with Karpov lasted a record 48. Garry
recalls visiting the Buenos Aires chess club where the board
and set Alekhine and Capablanca used is preserved in a place
of honor.
•
Chess computers employ massive databases of endgame
positions called tablebases (similar to how they also employ
opening books composed of databases of opening moves).
First used in 1977, endgame tablebases have kept expanding to
include every possible position with seven total pieces on the
board. Seven-piece tablebases require around 140 terabytes
of storage! Tablebases don’t ‘think’ the way chess programs
calculate their moves using an algorithm, they simply look up
the best move. Such machine perfection has led to many
fascinating discoveries and refuted quite a few endgame
studies, but they are usually too long and too complex for
humans to learn to use in practice.
12-14 .
ENDGAMES
PARTS ONE ,
TWO, AND
THREE
AD D ITI ONAL P OSITI ONS
In Kasparov’s experience, the endgame doesn’t have to mean the
end of the excitement. There’s room for creativity and drama in
the endgame—and important techniques like shouldering and
zugzwang.
In this famous study by Richard Reti, White can save a draw
miraculously by 1. Kg7 h4 2. Kf6 h3 3. Ke7 and both sides will
promote, leading to a drawn queen ending. If Black tries
something different like 1. Kg7 h4 2. Kf6 Kb6, then White
continues his diagonal march with 3. Ke5 and he simultaneously
threatens to go to f4 to pick up the pawn, or to d6 and assist his
own pawn promoting. It’s again a draw.
GARRY K A SPAROV
51
12-14 .
ENDGAMES
PARTS ONE ,
TWO, AND
THREE
PR ACTI CE P OSITI ONS
Now you try!
1 .)
Yusupov-Kasparov – Linares, 1990. Black to move
2.)
Kasparov-Polugaevsky – Moscow, 1979. White to move
GARRY K A SPAROV
52
12-14 .
ENDGAMES
PARTS ONE ,
TWO, AND
THREE
PR ACTI CE P OSITI ONS
3 .)
Kasparov-Beliavsky – Frunze, 1981. White to move
4 .)
Smyslov-Kasparov – Moscow, 1984. Black to move
GARRY K A SPAROV
53
12-14 .
ENDGAMES
PARTS ONE ,
TWO, AND
THREE
PR ACTI CE P OSITI ONS
5 .)
Speelman-Kasparov – Graz, 1981. Black to move
6 .)
Korchnoi-Kasparov – London, 1983. Black to move
GARRY K A SPAROV
54

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