EZ9ZA_FN_FAL_Rifle_Manual_Part1.pdf

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I.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.
Method of functioning.
The weapon is gos-operoted
.
Gas
intake is controlled by means of a regulator, which ensures
regular and
smooth
function
ing,
without excessjve recoil.
The breech block is mechanically locked before fi
ri
ng can
take place; in addition, unlocking
cannot
take place until
the bul
let
has left t
he
barrel.
As the breech block must necessarily
be
in the forward
position when firing takes pJace, accuracy is not affected
by
the forward movement of a
fairly
heavy mass, which is one
of the draw-backs of many automatic weapoos
.
Fi
g.
1
•
Fig
.
2
5
After each shot , the mechanism
extracts
the
spent
case
and feeds another
round
into
the
chamber;
this operatton
cont~nues
so long
a
s
there ore
any
cartridges
in
the maga-
zine. When the magazine
js
empty,
the breech block is
held to the rear, which
lets
the firer
know that
he must
recharge.
2. Firing.
The rifle
can
be fired
in
two ways, either
semi
or
full automatic, by man
ipulating
the change
lever positioned
on the IP.fthond side of the trigger
frame.
8. Handiness.
The reduced weight of this rifie and its length
make
it
a very
handy weapon
.
Its weight is
in
proportion
to the power of the cartridge
and it
is
thus
a
very
comfort-
able weapon to fire. The
F. N.
7.62 mm
rifle
is designed
so
that
the
operat
ions
of
cocking,
feed, putting the weapon
at
safe
are
done
with the left hand, leaving the right hand
on the pistol grip
.
In additi011, the rifle has a
carrying
handle, which
can
be foJded
down when
not in use.
This
handle
is positioned at the centre of
gravity
and is a handy
method
of
carying
the we<:Jpon when advancing in the
field.
9.
Stripp.ng
and assembly.
Stripping
and
assembly
for
normal
clean
ing
and maintenance can be
done
without
using
tools.
For the usual cleaning, it
is sufficient to
take out the maga-
z•ne, gas
plug
and piston and the breech block
assembly,
after
removing the top cover
(fig.
3).
The b
reech
bJock
assembly and
the
cover con
be removed
very easily. The
weapon opens Jike a shot-gun, i.e. the butt is hinged to the
body
and the rifle
swings open
to give access to the mecha-
nism. The return
springs,
encased in
the
butt, do not
require
maintenance and
should
never be touched by the user.
3. Stability.
By
placing the gas cylincier above the barrel and
careful
attention to design, the centre of
gravity
of the
weapon
has been
placed
in
~
ine
with
the
barrel
axis.
The
tendency of a weapon to jerk
upwards
on
recoil
has thus
been eliminated in
this
rifle, as
compared
with most existing
types. This
stability
enables
the
firer to
keep
his sights
trained on the target without difficulty. On the other hand,
this design ovoids the
danger inheT"ent
in
r~
t iI
in
ear
weap-
ons,
with
raised
sights, which
force the
soldier
tak
ing
cover
to
disclose
his
position when he fires.
4. Method of feed.
Feed is from
a
20-round
magazine, hoLJSed
beneath the receiver. Arrangement
of
cartridges in the
magaz
ine
is quincuncial.
5. Sights.
-
-
These consist of
:
.
.
:
.
.
An aperture backsight, graduated up to
600
metres (or
yardsL
fixed
to the
roor
part of the trigger frame,
A well
protected
foresight, mounted at the forward
end
of the gas
cy
I
inder.
:';
.
.
.
.
.
: i:.
?
••
.
.
.
.
.
..,
.\
.
.
.
.
,.
:
.
.
'
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
The
I
ine
of
sight is very
low, which allows the soldier
to keep under cover when firing.
:;
..
..
.....
..
_____
.....,
__
.
..
·-
'
6. Gas regulator.
This
is designed on the exhaust principle,
i.e. the regula tor
only
a
Ilows
sufficient
gas to ensure correct
functionjng to penetrate
into
the gas
cylinder; surplus
gas
is vented outside
the
weapon. This
system
prevents undue
wear on the mechan
ism
and
keeps fouljng to
a
minimum
.
7. Protection from
the elements.
The
weapon
itself is
com-
pletely weatherproof,
without any
additional protection, and
this is the best
safeguard
agains-t grit,
sand and
mud.
6
Fig. 3
7
II.
OPERATION OF MECHANISM
1. GAS
SYSTEM
10. Technical details
Starting point:
a round is in the chamber;
the breech block js locked;
the shot has just been fired.
The bullet moves along the barrel and reaches the level of
the gas port
(f)
(fig.
4).
The combustion gases pass through
the
gas pOTt
(f}
and reach
the gas plug
(a),
which closes the front end of the gas cyl in-
der, screwed in to the gas block
(b);
if
the gas pI ug is
cJ
osed
(Jetters Gr showing on top), the gos intake is blocked and the
weapon w iII then function as
c
repeating rifle.
If the gas pJug is open (letter
A
showing on topL gas posses
through the plug
(a)
and r..eaches the piston head
(d).
Under pressure
of
the combustion gases, the piston moves
backward and uncovers the gas outlet vent
(e).
The gas exhaust vent is partially closed by the gas regulator
(c)
the position of which determines the gas exhaust and thus
controls the quantity of gas acting on the piston. The posi-
tion of the gas regulator sleeve is normally determined when
the weapon is fired for gas regulator setting (see Chapter
IV).
1.
Weights:
a) Rifle without magazine:
4.200 kg (9.25 lbs.);
b)
Empty magazine:
250
grams
(8.8
ozs.);
c)
Filled magazine:
730
grams
(1
lb. 9. 74
ozs.)
(bullet
9.30
grams
opprox.
144
grains);
=
d)
Barrel: approx.
800
grams (
1
lb.
12.21
ozs.);
e) Bayonet with scabbard:
350
grams (
12.34
ozs.).
2.
Lengths:
a) Overall length:
1.10
metres
(43.3~-');
b) BarreJ:
533
mm
(approx.
21'-');
c) Bayonet:
2.90
mm (approx.
11.4"").
3.
System of operation: gos.
4.
Method of feed: 20-round magazine.
5.
Position of feed opening: underneoth the body.
6.
Position of ejection open1ng: right side of body.
f
a
b
e
d
c
7.
Position of cocking handle: left side of body.
8.
Position of change lever: Jeft side of trjgger frame.
9.
Sight rod ius:
553
mm
(21.
77
11
).
10.
Backsight graduated from
200
to
600
metres,
m
100
metre steps (or in yards).
11 .
R iHi ng of barre
I :
number of grooves :
righthand; pitch:
1
in
305
mm
(1
in
11.9").
12.
Rote of fire:
a)
Cyclic
650-700
r.p.m
•
four;
twist:
b) Effective, automatic fire:
120
r .p.m.;
c) Effective, semi-outomatic: 60 r.p.m.
8
Fig. 4
9
-
-
As the piston (P} moves backwards, it contacts the slide (B)
(fig.
5),
thrusting
it
to the rear.
The p
iston
spring,
which has been
compressed
by the
rear
movement
of
the
piston,
relaxes and
returns
the
piston
to its
forward position.
I
L
- - - - -----.-.-----
Fig. 7
L- - - -
- - - - - - - -
- - - - - -
- - - - -
--.,
b
.
Extraction
Fig. 5
-
The shoulders of the slide (
82)
engage those
of
the breech
block (C2) (fig. 8) and the slide ond breech block
travel to
the rear together.
During this movement, the extractor
dow
withdraws the
spent case rearwards from the
chamber,
holding
it
in t
he
breech block recess.
2
.
REAR MOVEMENT OF THE MECHANISM
a
.
Unlocking the breech
As the
s
lide moves backwards, the romps of the slide (B
1)
engage
the
cams
of the breech block
(C
1)
{fig. 6), raising
the
rear
end
of
the breech block and
lifting it
out
of
engagement
with
jts
locking
shoulder
(D)
in
the
body
(E)
(fig.
1).
-
The breech block is thus unlocked.
I
L----------
I
Fig.
8
@
Fig.
6
'
'
•
•
c.
Ejection
E
@
-
When the breech block recess
is
a Imost
ci.
t the
some
Ieve
I
as
the rear face of the ejection opening,
the spent case
contacts
10--------------------
--------------------1t

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