Osprey - Men-at-Arms 019 The Iron Brigade (1971) [Osprey MaA 19].pdf

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MEN-AT-ARMS
SERIES
EDITOR:
P H I L I P
WARNER
Text
by
JOHN
SELBY
Colour
plates
by
MICHAEL
ROFFE
rixhr
rrstarvrd.
Apart
from
any
fait.
dcaling
for
t i l t .
p u r p ~ ~ s v
tn-ii,atc
st
i ~ d y
rcscarch.
uf
,
r-ritirirm
or
rcvicw,
as
p c m ~ i l t u d
iit~tlcr
the
C:r>pvright,
De5ih.n~
anrl
Patcnrs
ACI,
ICJXH.
110
[]art
of
1hi5
publication
may
he
reprr)d~lcetl,
qrrrrerl in
a
rrtrieval systcm,
r)r
trwcmitlctl
in
nnv
f o r m
01-
hy
a n y
means.
vler-tronic, clcr.ttir.;tl,
ch~ntic;~I,
mer11;inic-;ll,optical. p l i o t o c o p y i n ~ ,
1-tcording
clr
otllcrwise, wirliollt
thc
prlot
wrillcn
13ermissinn
of
the
copyright
clwncr. ~ n ~ u i r i c s
F I ~ O E I I I I
IIP
;~drlrewr.d
tllc
P ~ ~ h l i s I ~ c r ~ .
to
1\11
The
author is
indebted
to
The
Iron
Rrigade
by
Alan
T.
Nolan
(New
York,
rg6r)
for
details
of
the
exploits
of
the
Brigade,
and wishes
also
to
thank
Mr
Nolan
for
help
with
the
pictures.
I't-intrd
in
C:hina r1irc)it~h
\\'[lr-ltl
Print Lirl.
BuIE
Run
which
ran
like
a
ditch
of
a
fortress
across
his
front.
On
25
June
r
861
the Second
Wisconsin
joined
General
Irvin
McDoweIl
at
FVashington,
and
on
16
July
he led
his
army
straight
down the
Centre-
ville-Warrentan turnpike towards
General Beau-
regard's defence
linc.
The
advance
was
ponderous
throughout.
The
regiments
left
Washington
bril-
liantly uniformed,
some
like
the
Second
Wisconsin
in
Volunteer
grey,
some
in
Federal
blue,
some
in
gaudy
Zouave
dress
copying
the
French;
and
their
silk
banners
flung.
to
the
breeze
were
unsoiled
and
untorn.
But
the
men
were
still
mostly
civilians
in
uniform, who
like
the Second Wisconsin
had been
under
arms
for only two
months.
Unused
to
Although
Wisconsin's
quota
included only
one
marching, by
the
time they
reached
Centreville
infantry
regiment, the
response
to
the
Governor's
they
were
hot,
weary,
bedraggIed
and
footsore,
call
to
arms
was
so
enthusiastic
that
additional
regiments,
including
the
Second
Wisconsin
Volun-
teers, were formed;
and
on
16
May 1861,
little
more
than
a
month
after the
first
mortar
shell
which
signalled
the
start
of
the
war burst
over
Fort Sumter,
the Regiment"
sen companies
assembled at
Madison
and
were
mustered
into
the
United
States'
service
for three
years.
The
people
of
the
North
clamoured for
a
quick
march
on
the
Southern
capital
to
end
the
war.
'On
to
Richmond!'
was
their
cry;
and
this
popular
pressure persuaded
General
McDowell
to
launch
a
drive
south
prematurely.
The
best
route
to
Richmond
from
Washington
was
along
the railroad
through
Manassas
Junc-
tion,
for
with good
supporting
roads
it
assured
an
overland
approach
that
avoided
many
of the
natural
barriers found
on
the
shorter route
by
Fredericksburg, where
the
Occoquan
and
Aquia
creeks
and
the
Rappahannock
River
had
to
he
crossed.
Realizing
the
strategic
importance
of
Manassas,
the
Confederate
commander,
General
Reaure~ard,
General
Ir
drew
u p
and
partially
entrenched
his
forccs
along
forces
at
F
House
Hill
alongside
their fellows who had
gonr
round the Confederate's
north
flank
-
see
map
r
.
Sherman ordered his
men
to attack the
now
formidable
Confederate
defence line
stretching
across Hrnry
House
Hill. Fighting
his
brigade
by
regiments, he
scnt
forward first the Second
Wisconsin and then
the
Thirteenth,
Seventy-ninth
and
Sixty-ninth New
Y
ork
regiments
of
his
brigade.
Of
the Wiscansins
he
wrote:
Federal
forces
i
camp
outside W a s h i n ~ t o n
the
begin-
n
at
ning
or
the
war
and dropped
down
as
soon
as
they
halted. Another
cause
of
delay
was
the
throng
of visitors from
Washington,
official and unofficial, who
came
in
carriages
to
see
the fun, and cluttered
up
roads
which
should
have been
reserved
for
troop
movements.
After the Federal vanguard
had
been
repulsed
at Blackburn's
Ford,
Genera1 McDnwell stopped
to consolidate
and
plan
a
turning movement round
Beauregard's position in
the north.
By
the morning
of
2 1
July the Federals
were
on
the move again,
and
McDowell stood at the point
on
the
turnpike
where
his
flanking
columns
turned
to
the
right,
and
watched
his
men
pass.
He
gazed
silently
and
with evident
pride
upon
the rc~irncnts
as
they
filed
by,
lively again
in
the freshness
of
the
morn-
ing.
Later
he
conducted with
some
succcss
the
northern battle in
which
his forces drove the
Confederates
on
Matthews Hi11
back
over Young's
Branch
to
Henry
Rouse
Hill.
Htrc,
howcver, the
Confederates rallied, and were reinforced with
troops from the Shenandoah Valley brought
by
rail
to
Manassas
Junction
-
troops
which
included
the formidable First Virginian Brigade
undcr
Gencral
Jackson.
Meanwhile,
a
frontal attack
by
General Tyler's
First Division down
the
turnpike on Stone Ridge
was
developing,
This srcondary
assault
Cared
better
than
had
hrcn anticipated,
for
General
Sherman's
brigade
in which the
Seconcl
Wisconsin
scrved found
a
ford to thc north of
Stone Bridse,
and
after
crossing
wrrr
ahlc
to
move
up
the track
from
Stone
Housr
and
join
in
the
attack
on
Henry
'The
roadway
up
Henry
House
Hill was worn
deep
enough
to afford shelter, and
I
kept
the
several regiments
On
it
as
long
as
possible, hut
when the Wisconsin 2nd was
abreast
of
the
enemy,
by
order of
Major
Wadsworth of General
McDowell's
staff
I
ordered it to
leave
the road-
way by
the left flank to
attack
the
enemy.
This
regiment
ascended
to
the brow of
the
hill
steadily,
received
the
severe
fire
of
the
enemy,
returned it
with
spirit and advanced delivering its
fire.
This
regiment
was
uniformed in grey
cloth almost
identical
with
that
of
the
great bulk of the
seces-
sion
army,
and when the regiment fell into
con-
fusion and
retreated
towards the road, there
was
a
universal
c r y
that
they
were
being fired
O n
by
their
own
men.
The
regiment rallied again,
passed
the
brow
of
the
hilE
a
second
time,
hut
was
again
repulsed.'
Finally, along with the rest of McDowell's
troops attacking Henry
House
Hill they were
swept
off
by
a
Confederate counter-attack.
A
brief
rally north of Young's Branch was broken up
by
Confederate artillery, after which
there
was
Thiu
is
what
the
Second
WIsconfiin
Volunteers
looked like
on
mustering.
'A
fcw
wore
broadcloth
and
silk
hats,
more
the
fed
shirts
of
rafksmm,
srveral
w e r e
in
country
homespun,
and
one
had
a
calico
coal'

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