Osprey - Men-at-Arms 018 George Washington’s Army (OCR) [Osprey MaA 18].pdf

(2284 KB) Pobierz
MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES
E D I T O R : MARTIN WINDROW
Text by
BRIGADIER PETER YOUNG
DSO, MC, MA, FSA, FRHist.S, FRGS
Color plates by
M I C H A E L R O F F E
HIPPOCRENE
BOOKS, INC.
© Copyright 1972 Osprey Publishing Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior
information of the publisher. For information
write to:
Hippocrene Books, Inc.
171 Madison Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10016
First published in the United States 1973
ISBN o 88254 161 7
First published in Great Britain in 1972 by
Osprey Publishing Ltd, P . O . Box 25,
707 Oxford Road, Reading, Berkshire
Printed in Great Britain
George Washington's Army
Chronology of the
American War of Independence
1775
19 April
10 May
12 May
15 J u n e
Fighting at Lexington and Concord.
The rebels capture Ticonderoga.
Capture of Crown Point by the rebels.
The 2nd Continental Congress pro-
motes Colonel George Washington of
Virginia to major-general and gives him
command of the Continental Army.
Battle of Bunker Hill.
Washington assumes command of the
'armed rabble' assembled on Cambridge
Common. Blockade of Boston.
Assault on Quebec repulsed.
1777
3 Jan.
5 July
7 July
8 Aug.
Battle
of Princeton;
victory
of
Washington.
Burgoyne captures Ticonderoga.
Battle of Hubbardton; Burgoyne de-
feats the American rearguard.
Battle of Oriskany; Joseph Brant with
the Iroquois and Tories ambushes
General Nicholas Herkimer, who is
mortally wounded, and destroys half the
column endeavouring to relieve Fort
Stanwix on the River Mohawk.
Battle of Bennington; Hessians from
Burgoyne's army heavily defeated.
Battle of Brandywine Creek; Howe
defeats Washington.
Battle of Freeman's F a r m ; Burgoyne
repulsed.
Action at Paoli; the British rout
General Anthony Wayne's brigade.
Howe occupies Philadelphia.
Battle of Germantown; Washington
repulsed by Howe.
Battle of Bemis Heights; Burgoyne
again repulsed.
Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga.
17 J u n e
3 July
31 Dec.
16 Aug.
11 Sept.
The British evacuate Boston and sail to
Halifax.
6 June
Trois Rivieres; the rebels completely
dispersed.
4 July
The Declaration of Independence.
27 Aug. Battle of Long Island; Howe out-
manoeuvres Putnam.
12 Sept. The Americans abandon New York.
16 Sept. Battle of Haarlem Heights. Washington
fights a delaying action against Howe.
28 Oct. Battle of Valcour Island; American
vessels destroyed or crippled.
Battle of White Plains; the British
regulars, though stubbornly resisted,
drive the Americans from the field.
26 Dec. Raid on Trenton; Washington sur-
prises a Hessian detachment.
1776
17 Mar.
19 Sept.
21 Sept.
26 Sept.
4 Oct.
7 Oct.
17 Oct.
1778
6 Feb.
17 J u n e
18 J u n e
Franco-American Alliance signed.
Outbreak of war between France and
England.
British evacuate Philadelphia.
3
28 J u n e
29 Dec.
Battle of Monmouth; a drawn battle
between Washington and Clinton, but
the latter withdraws to New York and
is blockaded.
The British capture Savannah.
General Outline
The British take Augusta, Georgia.
Spain declares war against Britain, but
declines to recognize American Inde-
pendence.
21 J u n e Siege of Gibraltar begun. (Ended 6 Feb.,
1783.)
3 Sept.- Franco-American siege of Savannah;
28 Oct. successful
British
defence
under
General Augustine Prevost.
1779
29 J a n .
21 J u n e
'A mixed multitude of people'
GEORGE WASHINGTON
General Clinton besieges Charleston.
Charleston captured - the worst Ameri-
can disaster of the war.
16 Aug. Cornwallis routs Gates at the Battle of
Camden.
7 Oct.
Battle of King's Mountain; defeat of the
Tories by American militia.
20 Dec. Great Britain declares war on the
Netherlands.
1780
11 Feb.
12 May
1781
Brigadier-General Daniel Morgan de-
feats Colonel Banastre Tarleton at the
Battle of Cowpens.
15 Mar. Cornwallis defeats Greene at the Battle
of Guilford Court House, but the Ameri-
cans retreat in good order.
19 Apr. Battle of Hobkirk's Hill; Colonel
Francis Rawdon repulses Greene.
8 Sept.
Battle of Eutaw Springs; Lieutenant-
colonel Alexander Stewart repulses
Greene.
Sept.-
Siege of Yorktown; Washington and
19 Oct. Rochambeau compel Cornwallis to
surrender.
17 J a n .
1782
30 Nov.
The Treaty of Paris.
George Washington (1732-99) was elected Com-
mander-in-chief of the Congressional Continental
Armies on 15 J u n e 1775, and took over from
General Artemas Ward on Cambridge Common,
Massachusetts, on 3 July.
After the two skirmishes at Lexington and Con-
cord (19 April 1775) the main bodies of troops of
both sides were assembled in the Boston area -
perhaps 15,000 armed New Englanders con-
fronted 3,500 British troops. Then came Bunker
Hill (17 J u n e 1775) - a British victory, albeit a
bloody one - following which they evacuated
Boston, which saw no further action apart from
occasional patrols and some artillery fire.
When it met in 1775 the Second Congress had
not visualized a complete break with Britain;
some of the troops raised - f o r example, the Rhode
Islanders - were enlisted in 'His Majesty's Service
and in the pay of the colony of Rhode Island for
the preservation of the Liberties of America'. But
events strengthened the hand of the radicals who
advocated 'adopting' the Boston 'army', intending
to supply, regulate and pay it.
When he took over, Washington found that his
soldiers were all men of the old militias of New
England, organized in a variety of ways and
mostly in pretty good spirits. Some were in tents,
some in log huts, some in private houses and some
in the dormitories of Harvard University. There
were a few guns with their crews, but no trained
engineers. Washington saw one thing about this
force very clearly; it represented the revolution -
4

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin