svg_essentials.pdf

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SVG Essentials
J. David Eisenberg
Publisher: O'Reilly
First Edition February 2002
ISBN: 0-596-00223-8, 364 pages
Copyright
Table of Contents
Index
Full Description
Reviews
Examples
Reader reviews
Errata
Scalable Vector Graphics—or SVG—is the new XML-based graphics standard
from the W3C that will enable Web documents to be smaller, faster and more
interactive. This insightful book takes you through the ins and outs of SVG,
from the basics to more complicated features. Whether you're a graphic
designer looking for new tools, or a programmer creating and managing
graphics, this book provides a solid foundation.
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Table of Content
Table of Content ............................................................................................................. 2
Dedication ....................................................................................................................... 6
Preface............................................................................................................................. 6
Who Should Read This Book?.................................................................................... 6
Who Should Not Read This Book?............................................................................. 6
If You're Still Reading This... ..................................................................................... 6
About the Examples.................................................................................................... 7
Request for Comments.............................................................................................. 11
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 1. Getting Started............................................................................................. 13
1.1 Graphics Systems................................................................................................ 13
1.2 Scalability ........................................................................................................... 15
1.3 SVG's Role.......................................................................................................... 17
1.4 Creating an SVG Graphic ................................................................................... 17
Chapter 2. Coordinates.................................................................................................. 24
2.1 The Viewport ...................................................................................................... 24
2.2 Using Default User Coordinates ......................................................................... 25
2.3 Specifying User Coordinates for a Viewport...................................................... 27
2.4 Preserving Aspect Ratio...................................................................................... 28
2.5 Nested Systems of Coordinates .......................................................................... 32
Chapter 3. Basic Shapes................................................................................................ 35
3.1 Lines.................................................................................................................... 35
3.2 Stroke Characteristics ......................................................................................... 35
3.3 Rectangles ........................................................................................................... 39
3.4 Circles and Ellipses............................................................................................. 41
3.5 The polygon Element.......................................................................................... 42
3.6 The polyline Element.......................................................................................... 45
3.7 Line Caps and Joins ............................................................................................ 45
3.8 Basic Shapes Reference Summary...................................................................... 46
Chapter 4. Document Structure..................................................................................... 49
4.1 Structure and Presentation .................................................................................. 49
4.2 Using Styles with SVG ....................................................................................... 49
4.3 Document Structure – Grouping and Referencing Objects ................................ 52
Chapter 5. Transforming the Coordinate System ......................................................... 60
5.1 The translate Transformation.............................................................................. 60
5.2 The scale Transformation ................................................................................... 62
5.3 Sequences of Transformations............................................................................ 65
5.4 Technique: Converting from Cartesian Coordinates .......................................... 67
5.5 The rotate Transformation .................................................................................. 69
5.6 Technique: Scaling Around a Center Point ........................................................ 71
5.7 The skewX and skewY Transformations............................................................ 72
5.8 Transformation Reference Summary.................................................................. 73
Chapter 6. Paths ............................................................................................................ 74
6.1 moveto, lineto, and closepath.............................................................................. 74
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6.2 Relative moveto and lineto ................................................................................. 76
6.3 Path Shortcuts ..................................................................................................... 76
6.4 Elliptical Arc....................................................................................................... 78
6.5 Technique: Converting from Other Arc Formats................................................ 80
6.6 Bézier Curves...................................................................................................... 87
6.7 Path Reference Summary.................................................................................... 92
6.8 Paths and Filling ................................................................................................. 93
6.9 The marker element ............................................................................................ 94
6.10 Marker Miscellanea .......................................................................................... 97
Chapter 7. Patterns and Gradients................................................................................. 99
7.1 Patterns................................................................................................................ 99
7.2 Gradients ........................................................................................................... 104
7.3 Transforming Gradients and Patterns ............................................................... 112
Chapter 8. Text............................................................................................................ 114
8.1 Text Terminology ............................................................................................. 114
8.2 Simple Attributes and Properties of the text Element....................................... 115
8.3 Text Alignment ................................................................................................. 117
8.4 The tspan element ............................................................................................. 118
8.5 Setting textLength............................................................................................. 120
8.6 Vertical Text ..................................................................................................... 121
8.7 Internationalization and Text ............................................................................ 122
8.8 Text on a Path ................................................................................................... 125
8.9 Whitespace and Text......................................................................................... 128
8.10 Case Study -- Adding Text to a Graphic......................................................... 129
Chapter 9. Clipping and Masking ............................................................................... 131
9.1 Clipping to a Path.............................................................................................. 131
9.2 Masking............................................................................................................. 134
9.3 Case Study -- Masking a Graphic ..................................................................... 137
Chapter 10. Filters....................................................................................................... 140
10.1 How Filters Work ........................................................................................... 140
10.2 Creating a Drop Shadow................................................................................. 141
10.3 Creating a Glowing Shadow ........................................................................... 143
10.4 The feImage Filter........................................................................................... 147
10.5 The feComponentTransfer Filter .................................................................... 147
10.6 The feComposite Filter ................................................................................... 152
10.7 The feBlend Filter ........................................................................................... 154
10.8 The feFlood and feTile Filters ........................................................................ 155
10.9 Lighting Effects .............................................................................................. 157
10.10 Accessing the Background............................................................................ 162
10.11 The feMorphology Element.......................................................................... 163
10.12 The feConvolveMatrix Element ................................................................... 164
10.13 The feDisplacementMap Element................................................................. 165
10.14 The feTurbulence Element............................................................................ 167
10.15 Filter Reference Summary ............................................................................ 168
Chapter 11. Animating and Scripting SVG ................................................................ 172
11.1 Animation Basics ............................................................................................ 172
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11.2 How Time Is Measured................................................................................... 174
11.3 Repeated Action.............................................................................................. 176
11.4 The set Element............................................................................................... 177
11.5 The animateColor Element ............................................................................. 178
11.6 The animateTransform Element ..................................................................... 178
11.7 The animateMotion Element........................................................................... 180
11.8 Using Links in SVG........................................................................................ 182
11.9 Scripting SVG................................................................................................. 183
Chapter 12. Generating SVG ...................................................................................... 202
12.1 Using Perl to Convert Custom Data to SVG .................................................. 202
12.2 Using Java to Convert XML to SVG.............................................................. 207
12.3 Using XSLT to Convert XML Data to SVG .................................................. 225
Chapter 13. Serving SVG Files................................................................................... 240
13.1 Serving Web Files -- The Task at Hand.......................................................... 240
13.2 Partitioning the Task ....................................................................................... 241
13.3 Setting up the Server....................................................................................... 255
Appendix A. The XML You Need for SVG............................................................... 258
A.1 What Is XML? ................................................................................................. 258
A.2 Anatomy of an XML Document ...................................................................... 259
A.3 Character Encodings ........................................................................................ 263
A.4 Validity............................................................................................................. 265
A.5 XML Namespaces............................................................................................ 267
A.6 Tools for Processing XML............................................................................... 268
Appendix B. Introduction to Stylesheets .................................................................... 270
B.1 Anatomy of a Style........................................................................................... 270
B.2 Style Selectors .................................................................................................. 270
B.3 Internal Stylesheets .......................................................................................... 270
B.4 Style Selector Classes....................................................................................... 271
Appendix C. Programming Concepts ......................................................................... 277
C.1 Constants .......................................................................................................... 277
C.2 Variables........................................................................................................... 277
C.3 Assignment and Operators ............................................................................... 278
C.4 Arrays ............................................................................................................... 279
C.5 Comments......................................................................................................... 280
C.6 Conditional Statements .................................................................................... 280
C.7 Repeated Actions.............................................................................................. 281
C.8 Functions .......................................................................................................... 281
C.9 Objects, Properties, and Methods..................................................................... 282
C.10 What, Not How .............................................................................................. 284
Appendix D. Matrix Algebra ...................................................................................... 285
D.1 Matrix Terminology......................................................................................... 285
D.2 Matrix Addition................................................................................................ 285
D.3 Matrix Multiplication....................................................................................... 286
D.4 How SVG Uses Matrix Algebra for Transformations ..................................... 288
Appendix E. Creating Fonts........................................................................................ 291
E.1 The ttf2svg Utility ............................................................................................ 291
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Appendix F. Using SVG with Other XML Applications ........................................... 293
F.1 Referring to an SVG Document in HTML ....................................................... 293
F.2 Referring to an SVG Document in XHTML .................................................... 293
F.3 Placing SVG Directly Within XHTML Documents......................................... 293
F.4 Embedding SVG in XSL Formatting Objects .................................................. 295
Colophon..................................................................................................................... 299
Index ........................................................................................................................... 300
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