201109_Parliamentary-oversight-of-intelligence-agencies-in-the-EU_20110927ATT27674EN.pdf

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DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES
POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND
CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS
CIVIL LIBERTIES, JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS
PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT OF
SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE
AGENCIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
STUDY
Abstract
This study evaluates the oversight of national security and intelligence
agencies by parliaments and specialised non-parliamentary oversight
bodies, with a view to identifying good practices that can inform the
European Parliament’s approach to strengthening the oversight of
Europol, Eurojust, Frontex and, to a lesser extent, Sitcen. The study puts
forward a series of detailed recommendations (including in the field of
access to classified information) that are formulated on the basis of in-
depth assessments of: (1) the current functions and powers of these four
bodies; (2) existing arrangements for the oversight of these bodies by
the European Parliament, the Joint Supervisory Bodies and national
parliaments; and (3) the legal and institutional frameworks for
parliamentary and specialised oversight of security and intelligence
agencies in EU Member States and other major democracies.
PE 453.207
EN
This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties,
Justice and Home Affairs.
AUTHORS
Aidan WILLS, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF)
Mathias VERMEULEN, European University Institute (EUI)
Hans BORN, Project Leader, DCAF
Martin SCHEININ, Project Leader, EUI
Micha WIEBUSCH, Research Assistant, DCAF
Ashley THORNTON, Language Consultant
RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR
Andreas HARTMANN
Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs
European Parliament
B-1047 Bruxelles
E-mail: andreas.hartmann@europarl.europa.eu
LINGUISTIC VERSIONS
Original: EN
ABOUT THE EDITOR
To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to:
poldep-citizens@europarl.europa.eu
Manuscript completed in June 2011.
© European Parliament, Brussels, 2011.
This document is available on the Internet at:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies.do?language=EN
http://www.ipolnet.ep.parl.union.eu/ipolnet/cms
DISCLAIMER
The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.
Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the
source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.
Parliamentary Oversight of Security and Intelligence Agencies in the European Union
__________________________________________________________________________________________
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF TABLES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION
3
7
14
15
38
38
39
40
41
41
42
1.1. Mandate
1.2. Aim and structure of the study
1.3. Methodology
1.4. Relevance of parliamentary oversight of security sector agencies
1.5. Defining oversight
1.6. National intelligence agencies v. the EU’s AFSJ bodies
CHAPTER 2. THE EUROPEAN UNION’S AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND
JUSTICE BODIES
44
2.1. Europol
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.2. Eurojust
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.3. Frontex
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
Legal basis and mandate
Powers
Relations with third parties
Legal basis and main tasks
Powers
Relationship with third parties
Legal basis and main tasks
Powers
Relations with third parties
Legal basis and main tasks
Powers
Relationships with third parties
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48
49
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50
51
52
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52
53
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2.4. The EU’s Situation Centre (Sitcen)
2.5. Conclusion
3

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