2009_HCCS_Counterinsurgency-and-Counterterrorism-Zijn-counterinsurgency-doctrines-toepasbaar-op-nationale-terrorismebestrijding.pdf

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Counterinsurgency en Contraterrorisme
Zijn counterinsurgency doctrines toepasbaar op nationale terrorismebestrijding?
juli - 2009
Authors:
Prof. Dr. R. de Wijk
Drs. A.R. Korteweg
Drs. T.W. van Dongen
Design:
Richard Podkolinski
The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies (HCSS)
Lange Voorhout 16
2514 EE The Hague
The Netherlands
Telephone +31(70) 318 48 40
Telefax +31(70) 318 48 50
Email:
info@hcss.nl
Website:
http://www.hcss.nl
© 2009 The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be
reproduced and/or published in any form by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means without
previous written permission from the HCSS. All images are subject to the licenses of their respective
owners. All information which is classified according to Dutch regulations shall be treated by the recipient
in the same way as classified information of corresponding value in his own country. No part of this
information will be disclosed to any third party. The views expressed by the author do not necessarily
reflect the opinion of HCSS. If you have any comments on this document or any other suggestions, please
email us at
info@hcss.nl.
All HCSS publications are available at the HCSS website:
www.hcss.nl.
Contents
Samenvatting ...................................................................................................................................1
Woord vooraf ....................................................................................................................................5
Definities en achtergronden van COIN-operaties .................................................................................9
Inleiding ...............................................................................................................................9
Definities ...........................................................................................................................10
Insurgent groups en terroristische organisaties nader vergeleken ..........................................13
Ontwikkeling van het denken over insurgencies ....................................................................17
Ontwikkeling van het denken over counterinsurgency operaties .............................................20
Twee conceptuele benaderingen van COIN ...........................................................................22
De ontwikkeling van grondbeginselen voor COIN-operaties....................................................25
COIN-operaties als dynamisch proces ..................................................................................30
Conclusie ...........................................................................................................................38
De toepasbaarheid van specifieke grondbeginselen van counterinsurgency voor de nationale
terrorismebestrijding .......................................................................................................................41
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................41
Grondbeginsel 1: Dynamiek en Dreigingsanalyse ..................................................................41
Grondbeginsel 2: Primaat van de Politiek .............................................................................43
Grondbeginsel 3: Geïntegreerde Benadering.........................................................................44
Grondbeginsel 4: Unity of Effort ...........................................................................................46
Grondbeginsel 5: Legitimiteit ...............................................................................................46
Grondbeginsel 6: Inlichtingen ..............................................................................................47
Grondbeginsel 7: Steun van de Bevolking .............................................................................48
Grondbeginsel 8: Bescherming van de Bevolking ..................................................................50
Grondbeginsel 9: Informatie ................................................................................................51
Grondbeginsel 10: Belemmeren ..........................................................................................53
Grondbeginsel 11: Minimaal Gebruik van Geweld .................................................................53
Grondbeginsel 12: Proportionaliteit en Selectiviteit ................................................................54
Grondbeginsel 13: Langdurig Commitment ..........................................................................55
Grondbeginsel 14: Leren en Aanpassen ...............................................................................56
Grondbeginsel 15: Verwachtingenmanagement ....................................................................57
Grondbeginsel 16: Empowerment ........................................................................................58
Strategieën van Frankrijk en het Verenigd Koninkrijk .............................................................58
Nederlandse contraterrorisme doctrine ................................................................................63
Conclusie .......................................................................................................................................69
Sleuteldocumenten .........................................................................................................................73
Annex
Toetsing Grondbeginselen van COIN-doctrines op bestaand Contraterrorisme Beleid ...........................75
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................75
Werkwijze ..........................................................................................................................75
Uitkomsten.........................................................................................................................76
Conclusie ...........................................................................................................................77
Matrix Toetsing Grondbeginselen – Beleidsdocumenten ........................................................78
Relevante Passages van Kerndocumenten per Grondbeginsel ............................................................81
Grondbeginsel 1: Dynamiek en Dreigingsanalyse ..................................................................81
Grondbeginsel 2: Primaat van de Politiek .............................................................................88
Grondbeginsel 3: Geïntegreerde Benadering ........................................................................89
Grondbeginsel 4: Unity of Effort ..........................................................................................94
Grondbeginsel 5: Legitimiteit .............................................................................................100
Grondbeginsel 6: Inlichtingen ............................................................................................100
Grondbeginsel 7: Steun van de Bevolking ...........................................................................104
Grondbeginsel 8: Bescherming van de Bevolking ................................................................104
Grondbeginsel 9: Informatie ..............................................................................................105
Grondbeginsel 10: Belemmeren ........................................................................................108
Grondbeginsel 11: Minimaal Gebruik van Geweld ...............................................................111
Grondbeginsel 12: Proportionaliteit en Selectiviteit ..............................................................111
Grondbeginsel 13: Langdurig Commitment ........................................................................113
Grondbeginsel 14: Leren en Aanpassen .............................................................................114
Grondbeginsel 15: Verwachtingenmanagement ..................................................................116
Grondbeginsel 16: Empowerment ......................................................................................117

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