knowhow laser cutting.pdf

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Cutting Know-how
for
Amada Lasers
Amada America, Inc.
7025 Firestone Blvd.
Buena Park, CA 90621
Tel. (714) 739-2111
Fax. (714) 228-0536
http://www.amada.com/
Cutting Condition Parameters and their effects on Cutting
Speed
Cutting speed should be selected according to the output of the machine, that is, cutting speed will differ depending on what kind of cutting the
machine is performing. For example, if you are cutting a straight line it will be high speed. On the other hand, if your are cutting small holes and
performing a detail cutting, the speed will be low. (It also depends on the cutting material and thickness)
Output
When the output is too high for the selected speed it will result in burning. If the output is too low for the selected speed it will result in gouging. It is
very important that you choose the appropriate output for the selected speed. You also need to choose either CW cutting (Continuous Wave) or Pulse
cutting (alternating ON/OFF) depending on the types, thickness and the shapes of materials.
Output
CW
Output
Pulse
Speed
speed
Frequency
The higher frequency gives more pulses (more frequent ON/OFF alternation) to the laser beam, and thereby, gives more output energy to the
cutting material. Generally, high frequency is being used for the high-speed cutting and low frequency is being used for the low speed cutting.
When you have small hole cutting or detail cutting, you should use low frequency so that it won't give too much output energy to the cutting
material.
Output
High frequency
Output
Low frequency
Speed
Speed
Duty
Duty indicates the ON/OFF ratio of the laser beam. A higher duty number means higher ratio of ON compared to OFF, and therefore, it
gives more output energy. Duty 100 means continuous ON, which is, CW (Continuous Wave) cutting.
100%
100%
100%
30%
50%
100% (CW)
One cycle
One cycle
One cycle
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Gas
Cutting Condition
Parameters
Oxygen Cut
Clean Cut
Laser cutting generally uses oxygen, nitrogen, or air.
Use oxygen for the assist gas. It is mainly used to cut soft materials. It utilizes oxidization to cut thick materials. It can be
used to cut stainless, but it leaves oxidization film on the cutting surface.
Use nitrogen for the assist gas. It is mainly used to cut stainless by non-oxidization.
High pressure (7 to 8 kgf) is generally used.
Use air for the assist gas. It is mainly used to cut aluminum, stainless, non-metal materials. High pressure (7 to 8 kgf) is
generally used. Although it gives more oxidization film on the cutting surface, the operation cost will be much cheaper
compared to clean cut (in stainless cutting)
Extracts the necessary components from the air for laser cutting in the environment and uses it for the assist gas.
(The operating cost is relatively low as it uses the pressured air for the Amada option assist gas)
You need to adjust the gas pressure according to the types, thickness, and shapes of the cutting material even
for the same types of cutting.
Approximately 1 kgf for soft materials (outline), 2 kgf for small hole cutting, and 3 kgf for stainless cutting
(7 kgf for thick material) should be applied.
7 to 8 kgf should be applied for stainless cutting.
7 to 8 kgf should be applied for stainless and aluminum cutting .
Air Cut
Easy cut
Gas Pressure
The pressure of
the assist gas.
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Air
Nozzle Gap
Nozzle Gap is the distance between the tip of the nozzle and the material surface.
Generally, the nozzle gap should be about 1.5 mm. However, when you are performing high-pressure assist gas (stainless or aluminum) cut,
much smaller nozzle gap (0.3 to 0.5 mm) is recommended.
The smaller nozzle gap uses assist gas more efficiently.
Oxygen cut
Clean cut
0.3 mm (0.012 in.)
1.5 mm (0.060 in.)
Focus point
The focus point will differ depending on the types of the lens and/or the types and thickness of the cutting materials.
Thin material cutting
Clean cut
Thick cut
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Effects of Parameters in different types of Cutting
Thick Material Cutting
power too low
proper power
too much power
Low speed
Appropriate speed
High speed
Low focus
Appropriate focus
High focus
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Low power
correct power
excessive power
gas pressure too low
gas pressure correct
excessive gas pressure
focus too low
correct focus
focus too high
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