Encyklopedia ludów Afryki i Bliskiego Wschodu.pdf

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Encyclopedia of the
PeoPles of AfRICA AND THe MIDDle eAsT
NO
Jamie Stokes, Editor
Anthony Gorman and Andrew Newman,
Historical Consultants
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
Copyright © 2009 Infobase Publishing, Inc.
Copyright © 2000 Diagram Visual Information Limited
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any infor-
mation storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of the peoples of Africa and the Middle East /
Jamie Stokes, editor; Anthony Gorman and Andrew Newman,
historical consultants.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-4381-2676-0 (e-book)
1. Ethnology—Africa—Encyclopedias. 2. Ethnology—Middle
East—Encyclopedias. 3. Africa—Social life and customs—Encyclopedias.
4. Middle East—Social life and customs—Encyclopedias. I. Stokes, Jamie.
GN645.E53 2008
305.800956—dc22
2008041256
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities
for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales
Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com
Text design by Mary Susan Ryan-Flynn
Illustrations by Michal Novak with additional illustrations by
Chris Allcott, Darren Bennett, Bob Garwood, Elsa Godfrey,
Brian Hewson, Pavel Kostal, Kyri Kyriacou, Janos Marffy, Kathy McDougall,
Patrick Mulrey, Rob Shone, Graham Rosewarne, Peter Ross
Cover design by Salvatore Luongo
Printed in the United States of America
VB JS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains
30 percent postconsumer recycled content.
CoNTeNTs
7
List of Entries
List of Illustrations and Maps
Preface
How to Use This Set
Acknowledgments and Contributors
Entries A to Z
Appendix I: List of Individuals Featured in Biographical Sidebars
Appendix II: The Geography of Africa
Appendix III: The Geography of the Middle East
Appendix IV: The Earliest Humans
Appendix V: Chronology of African and Middle Eastern Prehistory and History
Appendix VI: Glossary of Cultural Terms
Bibliography
iv
viii
xii
xiv
xvi
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764
768
770
776
799
821
lIsT of eNTRIes
7
Ababda
Abadja
Abam
Abarue
Abbe
Abgal
Abidji
Abkhazians
Abora
Abu Sharib
Achaemenids
Acholi
Adjukru
Afar
Afrikaners
Afshar
Aka
Akan
Akebou
Akie
Akkadians
Akoko
Akpafu
Akunakuna
Akwa
Akwamu
Akwapim
Akyem
Alaba
Alagoa
Al Ajman
Alataway
Alawis
Al Bu Muhammad
Al Bu Said
Aleta
Al Falasi
Algerians: nationality
Al Khalifa
Ali
Alladian
Al Murrah
Al Sabah
Al Shihab
Al Thani
Alur
Amalekites
Amarar
Amba
Americo-Liberians
Amhara
Amorites
Anakaza
Anang
Angolans: nationality
Anglophones of
Cameroon
Anizah
Ankwe
Anlo
Anniya
Antaifasy
Antaimoro
Antaisaka
Antambahoaka
Antandroy
Antankarana
Antanosy
Anuak
Anyi
Apindji
Aq-qoyunlu
Arabs
Aramaeans
Argobba
Arma
Armenians
Aro
Arusha
Arusi
Asante
Asians of Africa
Assassins
Assin
Assyrians
Athi
Attie
Attuot
Avikam
Awi
Aws
Aymaq
Azande
Azd
iv
Azeris
Babylonians
Bactrians
Badiu
Bafia
Bafou
Baggara
Bagirmi
Baham
Bahrainis: nationality
Baka
Bakele
Bakhtiari
Bakota
Bakoukouya
Balanta
Bale
Balochs
Bambara
Bamileke
Bamum
Banda
Bandi
Bandia
Bani Harith
Bani Hilal
Bani Kaab
Bani Khalid
Bani Lam
Bani Nadir
Bani Najjar
Bani Nawfal
Bani Qaynuqa
Bani Qurayza
Bani Saad
Bani Sakhr
Bani Tamim
Bani Yas
Banjoun
Bansoa
Bantu
Banu Asad
Bapounou
Bara
Barabaig
Bararetta
Bariba
Barma
Basese
Basotho: nationality
Bassa
Bassi
Baulé
Baya
Bedouin
Beja
Bemba
Bemdzabuko
Beng
Beni Amer
Beninese: nationality
Berbers
Beri
Berta
Berti
Bete
Betsileo
Betsimisiraka
Bezanozano
Biafada
Bidanis
Bideyat
Bidoons
Bini
Birifor
Bisharin
Bithynians
Bobo
Boers
Bokora
Bondei
Bongo
Borana
Botswanans: nationality
Brahui
British
Brong
Bubis
Buduma
Burkinabe: nationality
Burundians: nationality
Buyids
Cameroonians: nationality
Canaanites

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