O'Reilly - Ant - The Definitive Guide (2002).pdf

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Ant: The Definitive Guide
Jesse Tilly
Eric Burke
Publisher: O'Reilly
First Edition May 2002
ISBN: 0-596-00184-3, 288 pages
Ant is the premier build-management tool for Java environments. Ant is part of Jakarta,
the Apache Software Foundation's open source Java project repository. Ant is written entirely
in Java, and is platform independent. Using XML, a Java developer describes the modules
involved in a build, and the dependencies between those modules. Ant then does the rest,
compiling components as necessary in order to build the application.
Table of Contents
Dedication ............................................................................................................................. 1
Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 2
Preface ................................................................................................................................... 5
Structure of This Book ....................................................................................................... 5
Audience............................................................................................................................. 7
What You Should Know .................................................................................................... 7
Which Platform and Version.............................................................................................. 7
Conventions Used in This book ......................................................................................... 7
Comments and Questions................................................................................................... 8
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. 9
Chapter 1. Ant Jumpstart ................................................................................................. 10
1.1 Files and Directories................................................................................................... 10
1.2 The Ant Buildfile ....................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Running Ant ............................................................................................................... 13
1.4 Ant Command-Line Reference .................................................................................. 15
1.5 Buildfile Outline......................................................................................................... 17
1.6 Learning More............................................................................................................ 17
Chapter 2. Installation and Configuration ...................................................................... 18
2.1 The Distribution ......................................................................................................... 18
2.2 Installation.................................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Configuration ............................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 3. The Buildfile .................................................................................................... 28
3.1 Why XML? ................................................................................................................ 28
3.2 Ant Building Blocks................................................................................................... 29
3.3 An Example Project and Buildfile ............................................................................. 33
3.4 The Buildfile Execution Process ................................................................................ 45
3.5 AINASL: Ant Is Not a Scripting Language ............................................................... 54
3.6 Buildfile Authoring Issues ......................................................................................... 56
Chapter 4. Ant DataTypes................................................................................................. 58
4.1 DataTypes Defined..................................................................................................... 59
4.2 XML Attribute Conventions ...................................................................................... 59
4.3 Argument DataType................................................................................................... 61
4.4 Environment DataType .............................................................................................. 64
4.5 FileList DataType....................................................................................................... 66
4.6 FileSet DataType........................................................................................................ 67
4.7 PatternSet DataType................................................................................................... 70
4.8 FilterSet DataType ..................................................................................................... 72
4.9 Path DataType ............................................................................................................ 74
4.10 Mapper DataType..................................................................................................... 76
Chapter 5. User-Written Tasks......................................................................................... 80
5.1 The Need for Custom Tasks....................................................................................... 80
5.2 Ant's Task Model ....................................................................................................... 81
5.3 The Task Life Cycle................................................................................................... 89
5.4 An Example Through Analysis: The jar Task............................................................ 92
5.5 Miscellaneous Task Topics ...................................................................................... 106
Chapter 6. User-Written Listeners ................................................................................. 109
6.1 The BuildEvent Class............................................................................................... 109
6.2 The BuildListener Interface ..................................................................................... 111
6.3 An Example: XmlLogger ......................................................................................... 113
6.4 The Parallel Problem................................................................................................ 115
Chapter 7. Core Tasks ..................................................................................................... 117
7.1 Task Summary.......................................................................................................... 117
7.2 Common Types and Attributes ................................................................................ 119
7.3 Project and Target .................................................................................................... 121
7.4 Core Task Reference ................................................................................................ 124
Chapter 8. Optional Tasks............................................................................................... 212
8.1 Task Summary.......................................................................................................... 212
8.2 Optional Task Reference.......................................................................................... 213
Appendix A. The Future of Ant ...................................................................................... 300
A.1 Ant2 ......................................................................................................................... 300
A.2 Ant1 RIP 2002? ....................................................................................................... 301
Appendix B. Ant Solutions .............................................................................................. 302
B.1 Testing Library Availability .................................................................................... 302
B.2 Cleaning Up Does More Than Keep Things Neat................................................... 303
B.3 Using Ant to Consolidate Libraries ......................................................................... 303
B.4 Documenting the Buildfile's Targets ....................................................................... 305
B.5 Setting Properties Outside of the Buildfile.............................................................. 305
B.6 Using pathconvert.................................................................................................... 306
B.7 Usage Statements..................................................................................................... 307
B.8 Forking Processes .................................................................................................... 308
B.9 Using Cascading Projects and Buildfiles................................................................. 309
Colophon ........................................................................................................................... 312
Ant: The Definitive Guide
Dedication
For my grandmother, Dorothy Tilly.
—Jesse Tilly
For Mom.
—Eric M. Burke
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